All 50 questions from the National Examinations Council (NECO) Computer Studies 2025 Objective paper, with the correct answer and a full explanation for each. Free, no signup needed.
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A system is described as a
A system is defined as a set of objects connected to form a whole unit. In computing, a system comprises various components (hardware, software, data, procedures and people) that interact to perform tasks and solve problems.
One method of obtaining data is through
Observation is a fundamental method of obtaining data, especially in scientific enquiry, research and practical computing applications like user studies or field analysis.
The number B8F is written in
The number B8F is expressed in the hexadecimal system. Hexadecimal is a base-16 number system that includes digits 0-9 and letters A-F, representing values 10 to 15.
One difference between a desktop computer and a laptop computer is that laptop computer
Laptops contain a high-capacity battery that powers them for an extended period, allowing portability and use without being plugged in. Desktop computers generally rely on an external power source and often use a UPS for backup during power outages.
A mechanical device that allows the operation of multiplication through repeated addition is the
The stepped Reckoner is a mechanical calculator invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in the 17th century. It was capable of performing arithmetic operations, including multiplication, by using repeated addition through a series of mechanical steps.
Which of the following statements about the Slide Rule are true? I. Multiplication that goes off the slide can be corrected by resetting the slide. II. Operations of addition can be carried out by directly adding two or more numbers together on the slide. III. Logarithm is used to transform the operations of multiplication and division to addition and subtraction.
When the result exceeds the scale, the slide rule user must adjust or reset the slide to continue calculations correctly. Logarithm is used to transform the operations of multiplication and division to addition and subtraction.
The following features distinguish the supercomputer from other types of computer except
Supercomputers are known for high processing speed, use of parallel processing and large physical size. Small memory capacity does not describe them, making it the correct exception.
Which of the following statements are true about pointing devices? I. Device has buttons used to select objects. II. Device moves an onscreen pointer to allow user select objects. III. Older types of the device used laser, an optical technology that tracks movements with light while newer types of the device use ball only. IV. User slides device along a flat surface to move pointer around the screen.
All the statements except III are correct. Statement III is factually incorrect and reversed: older mice used a rubber ball while newer ones use optical or laser sensors, which rely on light, not the other way round.
Which of the following logic devices is a non-equivalent gate?
The term 'non-equivalent' gate in digital logic means the EX-OR gate, as it performs the complement of equivalence.
Use the logic devices in Figures 1 and 2 to answer this question and the next two, given that the input variables X and Y have values of 0011 and 0101 respectively. Compute the value of the output Z in Figure 1 using the values of X and Y given.
Feeding X(0011) and Y(0101) into the logic gate in Figure 1 (an AND gate) bit by bit gives an output Z of 0001. (Note: this question depends on a diagram/figure that was not fully legible in the source scan; the answer given is a best estimate.)
If the input variable X in Figure 1 is passed through the device in Figure 2 before going into the logic gate in Figure 1, what will be the output Z?
When an input passes through the NOT gate (Figure 2), its complement is produced. So, if we pass 0011 into the NOT gate, we have 1100 as the output. Feeding this value (1100) and Y(0101) into the AND gate gives an output Z of 0100.
If the input variable Y in Figure 1 is passed through the device in Figure 2 before going into the logic gate in Figure 1, compute the output at Z
If we feed Y(0101) into the NOT gate, its complement Y'(1010) is obtained. Now, feeding X and Y' into the AND gate gives an output Z of 0010.
Which of the following memory capacities is the largest?
1kB = 1,000 bytes, 1mB = 1,000 kB, 1GB = 1,000 mB, 1TB = 1,000 GB. Comparing the options: 960kB is less than 1mB; 500mB is less than 1GB; 100GB is less than 1TB; 1TB is the largest capacity.
Which one of the following statements is true about logic gates?
A NOT gate produces an output that is the opposite of the input. So, if the input to a NOT gate is 0 (low), the output will be 1 (high) and if the input is 1 (high) the output will be 0 (low).
A set of instructions written in the language of the computer to solve a user's problem is called a(n)
Software is a collection of programs written in programming languages that solve users' problems by giving instructions to the computer. It encompasses application software and system software.
In computer operation, loading and starting of application programs is carried out by the
The operating system is the primary software responsible for loading and launching other application programs. It manages resources and serves as an interface between the user and the computer hardware.
The operating system is responsible for
The operating system manages computer hardware resources to ensure they are used efficiently, coordinating tasks between hardware and software.
Which one of the following statements explains the function of utility software?
Utility software performs maintenance tasks such as cleaning disk space and managing the installation and uninstallation of applications, helping keep the system running smoothly.
The clear and precise step-by-step procedure of solving a particular problem is called
An algorithm is a clear, precise, step-by-step procedure for solving a particular problem.
A program written in source code can be converted to object code by
A language translator (such as a compiler or assembler) converts a program written in source code into object code that the computer can execute.
The process of searching for errors and eliminating them in a computer program is called
Debugging is the process of searching for errors (bugs) in a computer program and eliminating them.
Use the QBASIC program below to answer this question. The main function of the statement in line 20 (CLS) in the QBASIC program above is to
CLS (Clear Screen) clears any previously displayed output on the screen before the current program's output is shown.
Which one of the following statements is correct about the rules of flowcharting?
A standard rule of flowcharting is that the flow of control generally enters a symbol/object from the top and exits from the bottom (or side), maintaining a consistent, readable flow direction.
The major difference between low level programming languages and high level programming languages is that
High level languages, being more abstracted from hardware, tend to be less memory efficient compared to low level languages, which operate closer to the machine and are more memory efficient.
In computer programming, source codes are usually translated to intermediate codes in order to
Translating source code to an intermediate representation avoids the need to write a full native compiler for every new target machine, since only the intermediate-to-machine-code step needs to change.
The set of rules by which communication takes place over a network is called
A protocol is the set of rules that governs how communication takes place over a network.
Which one of the following pairs contains types of network topology?
Ring and Bus are both recognised types of network topology, describing how devices are arranged and connected in a network.
An advantage of using Computer Aided Manufacturing in car manufacturing industry is that
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) ensures precision and repeatability in production processes, so products follow consistent standards.
The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is used to
TCP/IP is the fundamental suite of protocols used to interconnect devices and enable communication across the Internet.
One difference between intranetworking and internetworking is that
An intranet is typically a private, restricted network within an organisation, making it more secure compared to the broader, publicly accessible internetworking (the Internet).
Which one of the following statements is true about email client?
An email client is a program (application) that enables a user to send, receive, and manage email messages.
A record in a database can be identified using
A key field (such as a primary key) is used to uniquely identify a record in a database.
Which one of the following software can be used by a company accountant to prepare staff payment?
Microsoft Excel, with its calculation and spreadsheet capabilities, is well suited for preparing staff payment/payroll records.
In MS Access, the first object to be created which will enable user to create or use other objects is a
In MS Access, a Table is the first object created, since it stores the actual data that forms, queries, and reports depend on.
Use Figure 3 (a Microsoft Excel menu bar icon) to answer this question. The Microsoft Excel menu bar icon in Figure 3 represents a command used to
The icon shown corresponds to the Format command in Excel, used to change row height/column width, organize sheets, and protect or hide cells. (Note: this question depends on a diagram/figure that was not fully legible in the source scan; the answer given is a best estimate.)
Use Figure 4 (a CorelDraw toolbox object) to answer this question. The CorelDraw Toolbox object in Figure 4 is used to
The tool shown corresponds to the Shape tool in CorelDraw, used to edit the shape of objects. (Note: this question depends on a diagram/figure that was not fully legible in the source scan; the answer given is a best estimate.)
Which one of the following statements is true about the Slide Sorter View in Microsoft PowerPoint?
The Slide Sorter View in PowerPoint displays thumbnail versions of all the slides in a presentation, arranged for easy reordering and overview.
Arrange the following steps in the correct order of creating queries in Microsoft Access. I. Choose the tables to include in the query. II. Choose the fields to include and adjust the criteria. III. Click the CREATE > Query Design button on the ribbon. IV. Click the RUN button/switch to Data Sheet View.
The correct order is: first click CREATE > Query Design (III), then choose the tables to include (I), then choose the fields and adjust criteria (II), and finally click RUN/switch to Data Sheet View (IV).
A small picture or object that represents a file, program, webpage or comment in windows is called
An icon is a small picture or object that represents a file, program, webpage or comment within a windowed operating system.
The two main types of user interface are
The two main types of user interface are the graphical user interface (GUI) and the command driven (command-line) interface.
To initiate the startup process, the BIOS requires
The BIOS requires date, time, hardware status and system configuration information to initiate the computer's startup process.
A desktop computer is switched on and the monitor displays an error message which reads: No input signal. The likely cause of this error is
A 'No input signal' error typically indicates the monitor is not receiving a video signal, commonly caused by a disconnected or loose VGA (or other video) cable.
The parts of the EBCDIC are
EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) character codes are made up of zone bits and numerical bits.
The binary number 100101 can be written in denary as
100101(base 2) = (1x32)+(0x16)+(0x8)+(1x4)+(0x2)+(1x1) = 32+4+1 = 37 in denary.
Convert 70 from base ten to octal
70 divided by 8 gives 8 remainder 6; 8 divided by 8 gives 1 remainder 0; 1 divided by 8 gives 0 remainder 1. Reading the remainders from bottom to top gives 106(base 8).
Backing up of computer files is the process of
Backing up files involves storing an extra copy of files in an external (separate) storage location, protecting against data loss in the main system.
The file structure is represented systematically in ascending order as
The file structure is represented systematically in ascending order as: data -> field -> record -> file, with each level building on the previous, smaller unit.
Which of the following statements supports the goals of data backup? I. Need for duplication. II. Need for future reference. III. Protection against data loss.
All three statements - duplication, future reference, and protection against data loss - support the goals of performing data backup.
The unauthorized use of computer and network resources is known as
Hacking refers to the unauthorized use of, or access to, computer and network resources.
Poor implementation of network or lack of ICT policies may result in
Poor implementation of network/ICT policies weakens an organisation's overall protections, generally resulting in a security breach.
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