All 20 questions from the Post-UTME Screening (Post-UTME) Biology 2019 Objective paper, with the correct answer and a full explanation for each. Free, no signup needed.
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In which of the following processes is alcohol produced?
Alcoholic fermentation, a form of anaerobic respiration, produces ethanol (alcohol) and CO2 from glucose in the absence of oxygen.
Use the figure below (a kidney cross-section with parts numbered 1-6) to answer this question and the next. Bowman's capsules are located in the part labelled
Bowman's capsules are located in the renal cortex (the outer region of the kidney), which is typically the outermost labelled part in such diagrams. (Exact label position depends on the specific diagram in the source scan.)
Reabsorption of useful material takes place in the parts labelled
Reabsorption of useful materials (glucose, water, salts) occurs along the renal tubules - the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule - typically the inner, tubular parts of the diagram.
When the environment is cold, the hairs of mammals stand on end to
Erect hairs trap a layer of air close to the skin; since air is a poor conductor of heat, this insulating layer reduces heat loss.
The tip of a maize coleoptile bends towards one-sided illumination because the growth hormone is
Auxin migrates to the shaded side of the coleoptile, stimulating greater cell elongation there, which causes the tip to bend towards the light (positive phototropism).
Use the figure below (a cervical vertebra, with parts numbered 1-4) to answer this question and the next. The structure labelled 2 is the
The vertebrarterial canal (foramen transversarium), which allows passage of the vertebral artery, is a distinguishing feature of cervical vertebrae.
The two distinguished features of the cervical vertebra are the structures labelled
The defining features that distinguish cervical vertebrae from other vertebrae are the vertebrarterial canal and the (often bifid) neural spine.
The pollen tube enters the ovary to effect fertilization through the
The pollen tube grows down through the style and enters the ovule through the micropyle, a small opening through which fertilization is effected.
Dispersal of fruits or seeds by water can only take place when the
For water dispersal, the seed/fruit must float and resist water damage; a hard, water-impermeable endocarp (as in coconut) allows it to survive floating in water.
The diagram above (showing a cell developing pronuclei then dividing into two cells, stages I, II, III) - in which part of the human body does the process represented normally take place?
This depicts fertilization and early cleavage of the zygote, which normally takes place in the oviduct (fallopian tube).
A couple had nine children who are all girls. Which of the following statements is the best explanation?
Since the father determines the sex of the child (X-bearing sperm produces a girl, Y-bearing sperm produces a boy), nine girls in a row means the X-bearing sperm was consistently involved in fertilization.
Which of the following plays a direct role in the transmission of impulses across a synapse?
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released at the synapse that directly carries the nerve impulse from one neuron to the next.
Short-sightedness occurs when the
In short-sightedness (myopia), the eyeball is too long (or the lens too strong), so images of distant objects focus in front of, rather than on, the retina.
Which part of the ear is responsible for maintaining balance?
The semi-circular canals of the inner ear detect changes in head position and movement, helping maintain balance.
Which hormone will be released into the blood stream, if one is confronted by a lion?
Adrenalin (epinephrine) is released in response to stress or danger, triggering the 'fight or flight' response.
In an ecological study, the biotic factors are
Biotic factors are the living components of an ecosystem and their effects on it (e.g. predation, competition), as opposed to abiotic (physical) factors like rainfall or temperature.
All members of a species inhabiting a given area make up the
A population is defined as all members of a single species living in a given area at a given time.
One adaptation shown by terrestrial plants for combating drought is the
Reducing the number of stomata limits water loss through transpiration, helping the plant conserve water in dry conditions.
The feeding relationship among all the organisms in a community is referred to as
A food web represents the interconnected feeding relationships among all organisms in a community, as opposed to a single food chain.
Which of these groups of instruments can be used in measuring the ecological factors in a habitat?
A photometer measures light intensity, an anemometer measures wind speed, and a hygrometer measures humidity - all common ecological (abiotic) factors.
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