All 50 questions from the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) Biology 2007 Objective paper, with the correct answer and a full explanation for each. Free, no signup needed.
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Use the diagram below (a cell, with parts labelled I-IV) to answer questions 1 to 3. The organelle responsible for heredity is
The chromosome (labelled III) is the organelle/structure within the cell responsible for heredity, since genes reside on chromosomes.
The part labeled I is the
Part I represents the cell membrane (plasmalemma), not the cell wall, which is the outer structure.
The chromosomes of members of the Kingdom Monera are within the
Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes (Monera) have no true nucleus - their chromosomes are dispersed within the cytoplasm.
Use the diagram below (Gametangia of Rhizopus) to answer questions 4 and 5. The structure labeled I is the
Each Rhizopus strain produces a gametangium; fusion of gametangia forms a zygospore, which is the structure labelled I.
The process illustrated is
The diagram portrays sexual reproduction (conjugation) in Rhizopus.
A water medium is necessary for fertilization in
Water is required for fertilization in bryophytes (e.g. mosses) and pteridophytes (e.g. ferns), whose motile sperm must swim to the egg.
The process of shedding the exoskeleton of an arthropod is known as
Ecdysis (moulting) is the shedding of the exoskeleton, essential for arthropod growth.
Use the diagram below (a protozoan, e.g. Paramecium, with parts labelled I-IV) to answer questions 8 and 9. The part labeled IV is responsible for
Part IV represents the contractile vacuole, which is osmoregulatory in function.
The organelle responsible for sexual reproduction is
The micronucleus (labelled III) is responsible for sexual reproduction (conjugation) in organisms like Paramecium.
Which of the following is common to the mosquito, housefly and blackfly?
The mosquito, housefly and blackfly all undergo complete metamorphosis (egg-larva-pupa-adult).
Which of the following has the most primitive respiratory system?
Among invertebrates, mollusks (e.g. snails) evolved before arthropods (e.g. insects), so the snail has the more primitive respiratory system; fish and mouse (vertebrates) have more advanced systems.
Monocot stems differ from dicot stems in that monocots have
Dicot stems have cambium, enabling secondary thickening, which monocot stems lack.
In mammals, the organ directly on top of the kidney is the
The adrenal ('ad' = on top, 'renal' = kidney) gland sits directly on top of the kidney.
The photosynthetic pigments include
Chlorophyll is the main photosynthetic pigment; carotenoids also play a photosynthetic (accessory) role.
The pancreas secretes enzymes for the digestion of
The pancreas secretes trypsin (proteins), lipase (fats) and amylopsin (carbohydrates), digesting all three.
Use the diagram below (the human heart, with parts labelled I-IV) to answer questions 16 and 17. Oxygenated blood is pumped to the entire body from the part labeled
The left ventricle (labelled IV) is the chamber from which oxygenated blood is pumped to the entire body.
The part labeled I is the
Part I is the aorta, the largest artery in the body.
Which of the following uses diffusion as the principal method of gaseous exchange?
Small organisms with a large surface-area-to-volume ratio, like the earthworm, rely on diffusion for gaseous exchange; larger animals such as rats and lizards need more specialized systems.
The opening and closing of the stoma are regulated by
Guard cells absorb water by osmosis to become turgid, opening the stomata; water loss causes them to close.
The waste product of plants used in the conversion of hide to leather is
Tannin, a plant waste product, is used in tanning (converting hide into leather).
The correct sequence of the movement of urea during urine formation is
Urea moves through the nephron in the order: glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, Henle's loop, distal convoluted tubule, then collecting tubule.
Use the diagram below (a klinostat with rotating arm and germinating seedlings) to answer questions 22 and 23. The part marked I will contain a high concentration of
Auxins are produced at root and shoot apices; the part marked I (the growing tip) will have a high auxin concentration.
The experiment demonstrates
A klinostat experiment with rotating seedlings is used to demonstrate geotropism - roots are positively geotropic while stems are negatively geotropic.
Pineapple is an example of
Pineapple develops from an entire inflorescence (many flowers fused together), making it a composite (multiple) fruit.
Use the diagram below (eggs of different organisms, labelled I-IV) to answer questions 25 and 26. The diagram shows that the organisms are
Organisms that reproduce by laying eggs (as shown) are described as oviparous.
The breeding posture illustrated in the diagram is known as
The posture depicted (e.g. a female toad laying eggs while the male fertilizes them externally) illustrates the mating process.
Stunted growth and poor root development are a result of a deficiency in
Stunted growth and poor root development are classic symptoms of calcium deficiency in plants.
Use the diagram below (an endocrine gland, e.g. the pituitary, with parts labelled I-IV) to answer questions 28 and 29. The function of the structure labeled I is to
The structure labelled I is the pituitary gland (the 'master gland'), which coordinates the activities of other endocrine glands.
Insulin is produced by the endocrine organ labeled
Insulin is produced by the pancreas, which is labelled III in the diagram.
The highest level of ecological organization is the
Among the options, the ecosystem represents the highest level of ecological organization listed.
Abiotic factor which affects the distribution and abundance of organisms in a terrestrial habitat is
Temperature (together with rainfall) is one of the most important abiotic factors affecting distribution and abundance of organisms in terrestrial habitats.
Which of the following is an example of parasitism?
Mistletoe draws nutrients from the orange tree, harming (malnourishing) the host - a parasitic relationship.
The organs that will be most useful for giant African rats in finding their way in underground habitats are the
In dark underground habitats, eyes are of limited use; the vibrissae (whiskers), being tactile, help the rat find its way.
One adaptation shown by hydrophytes in fresh water habitats is
Since water is abundant and support is provided by the surrounding water, hydrophytes show poorly developed roots and xylem tissue, unlike land plants that need extensive water-conducting and water-conserving structures.
The mangrove swamp in Nigeria is restricted to the
In Nigeria, mangrove swamps are restricted to the coastal areas within the tropical rain forest vegetation belt.
In which of the following Nigerian states can montane vegetation be found?
Montane vegetation, associated with highland areas, is found on the Jos Plateau.
The increasing order of the particle size in the following soil types is
Soil particle sizes increase in the order: clay (finest) -> silt -> sand -> gravel (coarsest).
A crucible of 5 gm, weighed 10gm after filling with fresh soil. It is then heated in an oven at 100 C for 1 hour. After cooling in a desiccator, the weight was 8 gm. The percentage of water in the soil is
Mass of fresh soil = 10g - 5g = 5g. Mass after heating = 8g - 5g = 3g. Mass of water lost = 5g - 3g = 2g. Percentage of water = (2/5) x 100% = 40%.
The causative agent of bird flu is a
Bird flu (avian influenza) is caused by a virus (influenza A virus).
An accurate identification of a rapist can be carried out by conducting a
DNA analysis (DNA fingerprinting) gives a highly accurate, individual-specific means of identifying a suspect such as a rapist.
Which of the following is true of cloning?
Cloning involves taking a single cell from the original organism to produce a genetically identical whole organism.
Use the diagram below (a monohybrid cross showing dogs with a gene G for grey head, labelled I-IV) to answer questions 42 and 43. If the dogs are offspring of a monohybrid cross and the gene G for grey head is dominant over its allele, e.g. the individual whose genotype is likely to be gg is
Since G (grey head) is dominant over g, the dog lacking a grey head (recessive phenotype) is the one with the homozygous recessive genotype gg.
Which of the following will be true of dog II which lost its tail in an accident, in relation to dog III?
An accidentally lost tail is an acquired characteristic, not a heritable (genetic) trait, so none of the offspring will be born without tails.
An example of a sex-linked trait is the
Possession of facial hair in adult humans is a sex-linked characteristic peculiar to males.
Which of the following factors can bring about competition in a population?
Drought causes food and resource shortages, which in turn triggers competition within a population.
In lizards, the lowering of the gular fold is used to
Lizards lower the gular fold (dewlap) as a display used to attract mates.
Use the diagram below (an animal's head showing sensory structures, labelled I-IV) to answer questions 47 and 48. The structure labeled I is
The structure labelled I represents the whiskers/vibrissae, which are tactile (sensitive to touch).
The type of protective adaptation exhibited by the animal is
The animal shows counter shading (darker on top, lighter underneath) as a protective (camouflage) adaptation.
An example of a fish that aestivates is
The lung fish is well known for aestivating (becoming dormant) during dry periods.
The theory which supports the view that the large muscles developed by an athlete will be passed on to the offspring was proposed by
This is Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's (now discredited) theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics.
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