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JAMB Biology 2018 Objective Past Questions

All 40 questions from the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) Biology 2018 Objective paper, with the correct answer and a full explanation for each. Free, no signup needed.

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Biology 2018 Objective — Question 1

Which of these factors in the blood is responsible for blood clotting?

  • A. fibrinogenCorrect
  • B. heparin
  • C. plasma
  • D. leucocytes

Explanation

Fibrinogen is the plasma protein responsible for blood clotting.

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 2

Fat soluble vitamins are stored in the

  • A. liverCorrect
  • B. spleen
  • C. pancreas
  • D. eyes

Explanation

Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat-soluble; the body stores them mainly in the liver and fatty tissues (unlike water-soluble vitamins which need regular replacement).

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 3

The unit of nervous system is a

  • A. neuronCorrect
  • B. axon
  • C. dendrite
  • D. myelin sheath

Explanation

The neuron is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system, responsible for nervous transmission.

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 4

Pepsin is the digestive enzyme which breaks

  • A. sucrose into glucose and fructose
  • B. carbohydrates into simple sugars
  • C. protein into peptonesCorrect
  • D. fats into glycerol

Explanation

Pepsin is a protein-digesting enzyme; it breaks proteins into peptones. (Trypsin further converts peptones into polypeptides, while erepsin converts polypeptides into amino acids.)

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 6

_____ consists mainly of water in the blood.

  • A. lymph
  • B. plasmaCorrect
  • C. serum
  • D. platelets

Explanation

Plasma is the fluid portion of the blood; it is about 90% water and 10% dissolved substances.

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 7

The gaps between two neurons through which impulses pass by chemical means are called

  • A. axons
  • B. ganglia
  • C. synapsesCorrect
  • D. dendrites

Explanation

The gaps are called synapses or synaptic gaps, where nerve impulses pass between neurons via chemical neurotransmitters.

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 8

Spider belongs to the same class as

  • A. mosquito
  • B. tickCorrect
  • C. chiddae
  • D. cockroach

Explanation

Both tick and spider belong to the class Arachnida within the phylum Arthropoda.

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 9

Which of the following tubes conveys sperm from the seminal vesicle to the urethra?

  • A. ejaculatory duct
  • B. epididymis
  • C. oviduct
  • D. vas deferensCorrect

Explanation

The vas deferens conveys sperm from the seminal vesicle to the urethra; note it is connected with the small tubes from the seminiferous tubules, uniting to form the epididymis.

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 10

Lampbrush chromosome occurs in a

  • A. salivary gland
  • B. lymph glands
  • C. cancer cells
  • D. oocytesCorrect

Explanation

Lampbrush chromosomes are a special form of chromosome found in growing oocytes of most animals except mammals.

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 11

Which of the following parts is involved in both the respiratory and digestive systems?

  • A. larynx
  • B. nasal cavity
  • C. pharynxCorrect
  • D. trachea

Explanation

The pharynx leads to the gullet (digestive) and larynx (respiratory), making it common to both systems.

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 12

The ovary of a flower develops and becomes a

  • A. seed
  • B. fruitCorrect
  • C. stalk
  • D. petal

Explanation

The ovary of a flower develops and becomes a fruit, while the ovule becomes the seed.

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 13

The organisms that help in recycling the materials in the ecosystem are known as

  • A. herbivores
  • B. carnivores
  • C. omnivores
  • D. decomposersCorrect

Explanation

Decomposers (such as bacteria and fungi) break down organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 14

Reiter's syndrome is the name given to a form of

  • A. body odour
  • B. stomach disorder
  • C. infectious arthritisCorrect
  • D. gout

Explanation

Reiter's syndrome, now known as reactive arthritis, is a form of inflammatory arthritis that develops in response to an infection in another part of the body.

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 15

Which of the following parts of a cell is living?

  • A. cell wall
  • B. calcium oxalate
  • C. food vacuole
  • D. mitochondriaCorrect

Explanation

Some components of a cell are living (e.g. mitochondria) while others are non-living (e.g. cell wall, vacuole cell sap, calcium oxalate crystals).

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 16

The site of fertilization in humans is the

  • A. ovary
  • B. fallopian tubeCorrect
  • C. vagina
  • D. starch

Explanation

Fertilization in humans occurs in the fallopian tube (oviduct).

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 17

In animals, food is stored as

  • A. glucose
  • B. fructose
  • C. glycogenCorrect
  • D. starch

Explanation

Animals store food as glycogen, whereas plants store food as starch.

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 18

Leishmania donovani causes

  • A. kala-azarCorrect
  • B. elephantiasis
  • C. malaria
  • D. sleeping sickness

Explanation

Leishmania donovani is a species of intracellular parasite responsible for visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar (the most severe form).

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 19

Which one is not an insect?

  • A. tickCorrect
  • B. beetle
  • C. cockroach
  • D. locust

Explanation

A tick is an arachnid, not an insect; beetle, cockroach and locust are all insects.

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 20

The part of the brain that controls posture in mammals is the

  • A. thalamus
  • B. cerebrum
  • C. spinal cord
  • D. cerebellumCorrect

Explanation

The cerebellum is the part of the brain concerned with the maintenance of balance and posture.

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 21

A plant which grows on another plant without apparent harm to the host plant is called a

  • A. parasite
  • B. predator
  • C. epiphyteCorrect
  • D. saprophyte

Explanation

A plant which grows on another plant (as a support) without apparent harm to the host is called an epiphyte.

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 22

The oxygen given off during the process 6CO₂+6H₂O →(chlorophyll) C₆H₁₂O₆+6O₂ is derived from

  • A. sunlight
  • B. chlorophyll
  • C. carbon dioxide
  • D. atmosphere

Explanation

E

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 23

People suffering from myopia can

  • A. see near objects clearly but cannot see distant objects clearly
  • B. see far away objects clearly
  • C. cannot see any objects clearly
  • D. are colour-blind

Explanation

A

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 24

Which of the following is characteristic of the animal cell?

  • A. Presence of chloroplast
  • B. Possession of a cellulose cell wall
  • C. Absence of large vacuoles
  • D. Presence of large vacuoles

Explanation

C

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 28

The organ through which food and oxygen are supplied to the human embryo and which also prevents harmful materials from reaching the embryo is the

  • A. amnion
  • B. uterus
  • C. placenta
  • D. umbilical cord

Explanation

C

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 29

The joint between the atlas and axis vertebrae allows for

  • A. rotatory movements only
  • B. up and down or nodding movements only
  • C. rotatory and nodding movements
  • D. no movement at all

Explanation

C

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 31

What is the genetic ratio of a cross between a homozygous tall plant and a homozygous dwarf plant?

  • A. All tall:1 short
  • B. 2. tall:2 short
  • C. 3. tall:1 short D. 1 tall:1 short
  • D. 4.tall:0 short

Explanation

E

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 34

Which of the following statements is NOT true of symbiosis?

  • A. Symbionts must be living
  • B. It is an association of 'give and take'
  • C. The association may involve two plants
  • D. Association between two similar species

Explanation

D

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 36

A population is defined as the collection of

  • A. similar organisms found in the same habitat
  • B. similar organisms that breed in the same habitat
  • C. similar organisms that interbreed freely in the same habitatCorrect
  • D. similar organisms that eat the same food

Explanation

A population is defined as the collection of organisms of the same species, living together, that can interbreed freely to produce fertile offspring.

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 37

If a 26 year old blind man married a young one-eyed woman and they had four children, how many of them would be blind like their father?

  • A. AllCorrect
  • B. 3
  • C. 2
  • D. 1

Explanation

E

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 39

If the gall bladder of a man is removed by surgery, which of the following processes will be most seriously affected?

  • A. Digestion of fats and oils
  • B. Formation of urea C
  • C. Digestion of starch
  • D. Conversion Of proteins E. Storage and release of urine

Explanation

A

Biology 2018 Objective — Question 40

Flatworms and roundworms are said to be invertebrates because they

  • A. are small animals
  • B. can live inside the vertebrates
  • C. have no backbonesCorrect
  • D. are parasitic

Explanation

Vertebrates are animals that have backbones, while invertebrates (like flatworms and roundworms) are those that do not.

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