All 40 questions from the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) Government 2020 Objective paper, with the correct answer and a full explanation for each. Free, no signup needed.
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An organized institution established for the sole purpose of helping the state to achieve its objectives is
Government is the organized institution/machinery set up specifically to help the state achieve its objectives, through making and enforcing laws and policies.
The concept of sovereignty implies all the following except
Sovereignty refers to the supreme authority of a state to govern itself, its independence, and its recognition by other states; free education is a welfare policy, not an attribute of sovereignty.
Citizens' right to freedom of religion may be guaranteed in all the following except
Despotism, being arbitrary and absolute rule by one person, does not guarantee citizens' fundamental rights, including freedom of religion, unlike the other systems which at least nominally may allow limited freedoms depending on context; despotism is the clearest exception as it centers on total control by a single ruler.
Transmission of certain beliefs, attitudes and values held by citizens about a political system into an individual is conceptually termed
Political socialization is the process by which individuals acquire political beliefs, attitudes and values of the political system.
An exercise in which citizens of a country are required to cast a 'Yes' or 'No' vote on an important national issue of public policy is referred to as
A referendum is a direct vote by citizens on a specific important issue, requiring a Yes/No response.
The head of the executive can be removed from power through impeachment in which of the following?
In a presidential system, the head of the executive (president) can be removed through impeachment by the legislature for gross misconduct.
A system in which an advanced equivalent of a traditional rulers exercises the supreme power of a state with no authority to check his or her excesses is
Absolute monarchy is a system where a monarch (an advanced form of traditional ruler) exercises unchecked supreme power over the state.
Fascism is conceptually the same as
Fascism is a form of authoritarianism characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society.
According to which of the following theory of origin of state are leaders answerable only to God?
The Divine Theory of the origin of the state holds that rulers derive their authority from God and are answerable only to Him.
Impeachment of Kings in a pre-colonial political system by an institution believed to possess mystical powers is associated with
Among the Yoruba, the Oyo Mesi (with the Ogboni cult believed to possess mystical powers) had the authority to remove/impeach a king who misused his power.
Ownership of land is a major object of political power in
In feudalism, political power and social status are directly tied to ownership and control of land.
Direct democracy in which citizens participate directly in governance was experimented in which of the following pre-colonial systems?
The pre-colonial Igbo political system was largely acephalous (without central authority) and practiced direct democracy through village assemblies where citizens participated directly in decision-making.
Confederalism is believed to be a futile exercise by scholars because of its
Confederalism is considered unstable/futile because component units retain the constitutional right to secede, which threatens the union's continued existence.
A system of voting which declares a candidate in an election whose votes marginally exceed those of other candidates a winner is
Simple majority (first-past-the-post) declares the candidate with the highest number of votes, even if only marginally more than others, the winner.
Rulership by majority for the benefit of majority recognizing the rights of minority is
Democratic rule is government by the majority for the benefit of the majority, while still recognizing and protecting the rights of the minority.
A system in which the person who exercises the real executive powers in a state doubles as a law-maker is
In parliamentarianism (parliamentary system), the executive (Prime Minister and cabinet) are also members of the legislature, thus doubling as law-makers.
Economic independence is a necessary ingredient of which of the following?
Economic independence is essential to a state's sovereignty, as heavy economic dependence on other states can compromise a state's independence and freedom of action.
The distinguishing feature of Nazism is
Nazism is distinguished primarily by its belief in racial superiority, particularly the notion of Aryan racial supremacy.
The principles or strategies coordinated as a guide to a country's behaviour towards other countries is termed as
Foreign policy refers to the set of principles/strategies a country adopts to guide its relations and behaviour towards other countries.
The consciousness of belonging to a nation and readiness to fight for its freedom from foreign domination conceptually refers to
Nationalism is the consciousness of national identity and the readiness to defend the nation's freedom and sovereignty against foreign domination.
The indigenat law in the French West Africa was aimed at
The Indigenat law empowered French colonial administrators to punish Africans without trial, primarily to suppress any opposition to French colonial rule.
A system of government conditioned by cultural heterogeneity is
Federalism is often adopted in states with cultural heterogeneity (diverse ethnic/cultural groups) to accommodate diversity while maintaining unity.
The recognition of the right of the leader to rule by the governed in a state captures the definition of
Legitimacy is the recognition and acceptance by the governed that a leader/government has the right to rule.
At the international community, Nigeria is deemed equal to the Great Britain and this status of Nigeria is traceable to her
Sovereignty confers equal legal status on states in the international community, regardless of size or power, hence Nigeria is deemed equal to Great Britain.
A system of government whereby the real executive power in a state is exercised by not one person but by a number of individuals is called
A collegial executive is one where executive power is shared and exercised collectively by a group of individuals rather than one person.
Cabinet system of government equivalent of impeachment which obtains in the presidential system is
In the cabinet (parliamentary) system, a vote of no confidence is the equivalent mechanism to impeachment, used to remove the executive from office.
Nigeria's membership of an international organization can be terminated internally by one of the following
The National Assembly, as the legislative arm, has the constitutional power to ratify or terminate Nigeria's membership/treaties with international organizations.
One prominent feature of military rule is
A hallmark of military rule is the suspension (often indefinite) of the constitution and democratic institutions.
An election conducted subsequent to an inconclusive substantive election is called
A run-off election is held when the main/substantive election fails to produce a clear winner (e.g., no candidate meets the required threshold).
One of the following unofficially limits the exercise of sovereignty by a state
Foreign aid, though not an official/legal restriction, can unofficially limit a state's sovereignty by creating dependency and external influence over its policy decisions.
One major disadvantage of delegated legislation is
Delegated legislation allows non-legislative bodies (e.g., ministries, agencies) to make rules, which creates a risk of abuse of law-making power by these non-elected bodies.
The arm of government whose members must be professionally qualified is
The judiciary requires its members (judges) to be professionally qualified legal practitioners, unlike the legislature or executive which may include non-professionals.
The instrument of power employed by the judiciary to check the executive lawlessness is
Judicial review is the power of the judiciary to examine and invalidate actions of the executive (and legislature) that are unconstitutional or unlawful.
The official document in which parliamentary proceedings are recorded is called
The Hansard is the official transcript/record of debates and proceedings in parliament.
The lowest unit of government in the Nigeria federal arrangement is
In Nigeria's three-tier federal structure (Federal, State, Local Government), the Local Government is the lowest tier of government (a Council Ward is a sub-unit within a local government, not a tier of government).
The greatest achievement of the 1976 Local Government Reform policy initiative was
The 1976 Local Government Reform's greatest achievement was the harmonization/standardization of the local government system uniformly across Nigeria.
The United Nations Organization was founded in 1945 to achieve one of the following
The UNO was founded in 1945 primarily to promote international peace and security and prevent another world war, following the devastation of World War II.
The organ of the United Nations responsible for making a resolution in respect of any situation threatening global peace is
The Security Council is the primary UN organ responsible for maintaining international peace and security, including passing resolutions on threats to peace.
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) has its headquarters in
OPEC's headquarters is located in Vienna, Austria.
The current Secretary-General of the United Nations is
Antonio Guterres has served as the UN Secretary-General since 2017 (as at the time of the 2020 examination).
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