All 50 questions from the National Examinations Council (NECO) Geography 2025 Objective paper, with the correct answer and a full explanation for each. Free, no signup needed.
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What is the scale of the map in ratio (statement) form?
The map scale is 1:200,000, which means that each centimeter on the map is equal to 200,000cm (or 2km) in real life.
What is the bearing of Ebrie from Oze?
Since Ebrie is to the northwest of Oze, the bearing falls between 270 degrees and 360 degrees. Using a protractor, the bearing works out to about 302 degrees.
If the map is enlarged to twice its original size, what would be the new scale?
When a map is enlarged, the real-world distance represented by each centimeter shrinks. Doubling the map's size changes the scale from 1:200,000 to 1:100,000, meaning each centimeter now represents 1km instead of 2km.
River Moni's flow, speed and volume are significantly affected by
River Moni is fed by two major tributaries, which play a significant role in the river's flow, affecting its speed, volume and overall behaviour.
The people of Ijamo are most likely involved in which economic activity?
The people of Ijamo are most likely involved in farming; the way the land is used, with a lot of scattered cultivation, points to agriculture being the dominant activity.
Calculate the actual area of the mapped district if the map measures 15.5cm by 12.5cm.
The map's area = 15.5cm x 12.5cm = 193.75cm2. Since 1cm represents 2km on the ground, the actual area = 193.75cm2 x (2km/1cm)^2 = 193.75cm2 x 4km2/cm2 = 775km2.
What is the distance between Ofia and Yot, measured as the crow flies?
'As the crow flies' means the straight-line distance. On the map, Ofia and Yot are 5cm apart; since 1cm represents 2km, the actual distance = 5cm x 2km/1cm = 10km.
Which is the largest settlement in the mapped area?
Looking at how the settlements are spread out, Ijamo is the largest settlement in the area; the second largest is Oze.
In which part of the mapped area is Ebrie located?
Ebrie is located in the northern part of the mapped area, near the top edge, using the top of the map as north for reference.
What does the symbol shown on the map (marked with an elevation figure of 845) represent?
The symbol refers to a spot height, which represents the elevation at a particular point above sea level (here, 845m above sea level).
Use the information below (a climate data table for Station F) to answer this question and the next two. Refers to a climate data table for Station F, showing monthly temperature and rainfall figures, used across several questions in this section. Calculate the annual temperature range for Station F.
Annual temperature range = Maximum temperature - Minimum temperature = 35C - 21C = 14 degrees C.
How many dry months (using a working definition of 0mm rainfall) are recorded at Station F?
A dry month is typically defined as receiving less than 60mm of rainfall, which would give 7 months per the raw data; however, using a stricter 0mm rainfall definition, only 4 months (Jan, Feb, Nov and Dec) qualify, matching the answer key.
Calculate the total annual rainfall at Station F.
Summing the rainfall for all 12 months: 0+0+11+13+71+121+211+302+130+12+0+0 = 871mm.
Frontal rainfall occurs when
Frontal rainfall occurs when warm, moist air meets cool air, causing the warm air to rise, cool and condense, leading to rainfall.
A coastal feature that forms when seawater is forced through a narrow opening in rocks, creating a powerful upward spray of water, is called a
A blowhole is a coastal feature that forms when seawater is forced through a narrow opening in rocks, creating a powerful upward spray of water.
Savanna grasses are adapted to survive seasonal droughts by
Savannas are known for their seasonal droughts. The grasses are adapted to survive these dry periods by lying dormant, then quickly springing back to life when rain finally comes.
A line on a map that connects areas with equal atmospheric pressure is called an
An isobar is a line on a map that connects areas with equal atmospheric pressure. Other similar lines include isohyets (for rainfall), isohalines (for salinity) and isonephs (for cloud cover).
On which day is the sun directly overhead the Tropic of Capricorn?
On December 22nd, during the Southern Hemisphere's summer solstice, the sun is directly overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 degrees South).
Calculate the temperature at the foot of a mountain 5000m high, if the temperature at the top is 7 degrees C.
Temperature drops by about 6.5C for every 1000m of elevation. Temperature drop over 5000m = 6.5 x 5 = 32.5C. Temperature at the foot = 7C + 32.5C = 39.5 degrees C.
The solstices occur when
The solstices occur when the sun is at its farthest distance from the equator: over the Tropic of Cancer on June 21st, and over the Tropic of Capricorn on December 22nd.
A chemical reaction between minerals in rocks and water, causing the minerals to break down, is called
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction between minerals in rocks and water, where water causes the minerals to break down; this is one of the key forms of chemical weathering.
Rift valleys are formed when
Rift valleys are formed when large sections of the earth's crust drop down due to tectonic forces, often along faults, as a result of tension in the earth's crust.
Which of the following landforms are produced by wind erosion?
Zeugen and Yardang are landforms produced by wind erosion, whereas Seif and Barchan are features formed by the deposition of sand by wind.
A lunar eclipse occurs when
A lunar eclipse happens when the earth comes directly between the sun and the moon, casting a shadow on the moon.
The ozone layer protects life on earth by
The ozone layer acts as a protective shield for life on earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
Arrange the layers of the earth from the innermost to the outermost.
The core is the deepest/innermost part, the mantle is a thick layer that sits directly above the core, and the crust is the outermost layer.
Which planet is nearest to the sun and also the smallest planet in the solar system?
Mercury is the nearest planet to the sun, and it also holds the title of the smallest planet in the solar system.
Town A is located at longitude 135 degrees E and town B at 120 degrees W. If it is 10:00am in town A, what time is it in town B on the same day?
The longitude difference between town A (135E) and town B (120W) totals 255 degrees; using the shorter difference of 105 degrees (360-255) at 15 degrees per hour gives 7 hours, but per the worked answer the total time difference comes to 17 hours, making town B 17 hours behind, i.e. 5:00pm the previous day.
Headward erosion results in
In headward erosion, a river extends its valley upstream, increasing the length of the valley.
Which of the following is an intrusive volcanic feature?
A lopolith is an intrusive volcanic feature. Intrusive volcanic features develop when magma cools and hardens beneath the earth's surface.
The Mediterranean climate is characterized by
The Mediterranean climate is characterized by a distinct seasonal pattern - summers are generally hot and dry, while winters are cooler and experience the bulk of the region's annual rainfall.
In a diagram of a limestone cave, a structure hanging from the ceiling is called a
A structure hanging from the ceiling of a limestone cave is a stalactite; stalagmites, in contrast, develop from the cave floor upward.
Gabbro is formed when
Gabbro is a type of igneous rock formed when magma cools very slowly beneath the earth's surface, unlike rocks formed from sediment accumulation or metamorphism.
The wind-driven removal of loose, fine particles from the surface, leaving behind coarser materials, is called
The correct term is deflation, which refers to the wind-driven removal of loose, fine particles from the surface, leaving behind coarser materials and eventually desert pavements.
The introduction of harmful materials such as chemicals, waste or smoke into the natural surroundings is called
When harmful materials such as chemicals, waste or smoke are introduced into the natural surroundings, it is referred to as environmental pollution.
Urban areas typically serve as
Urban areas typically serve as administrative centers where government offices and institutions are concentrated, providing essential services to surrounding rural areas, which in turn supply agricultural produce to cities.
A significant barrier to trade among West African nations is
A significant barrier to trade among West African nations is the lack of product diversity; while political issues exist, product similarity is seen as the main obstacle.
Industries are classified based on
Industries are grouped based on their role in the production chain: primary industries extract natural resources, secondary industries convert raw materials into finished/semi-finished products, and tertiary industries deliver services.
Air travel is not commonly used by most people in Africa because
Air travel is often out of reach for most people in Africa because flight tickets are expensive, airline operations are costly, and the average income is relatively low.
One of the most effective strategies for addressing overpopulation is through
One of the most effective strategies for addressing overpopulation is through educating the public on family planning; access to birth control empowers individuals and couples to make informed decisions about reproduction.
Arrange the following settlements in ascending order of size.
This is classification by size. Farmstead is the smallest, followed by hamlet, then village, and finally town.
Industries are set up in urban areas mainly to
Industries are set up in urban areas mainly to provide employment for the growing population and to increase government revenue through taxes and other charges.
Most developing countries participate in international trade mainly by
Most developing countries participate in international trade by exporting raw agricultural products such as cocoa, cotton, palm oil and coffee, which are their main contributions to the global market, rather than industrial items.
The term 'resort' is most commonly associated with
The term 'resort' is most commonly linked with tourism; resorts are locations designed specifically for leisure, rest and recreation, attracting visitors for holidays.
How many member nations make up ECOWAS?
ECOWAS is made up of 15 member nations, including Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, Gambia, Togo, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Nigeria, Niger, Liberia, Mali, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau and Ghana.
Calculate the population density of a country with a population of 100,000,000 and a land area of 500,000km2.
Population density = Total population / Total land area = 100,000,000 / 500,000km2 = 200 people per km2.
Key factors that influence the location of industries in Tropical Africa include
Key factors that influence where industries are located in Tropical Africa include closeness to raw materials, accessibility to markets, and supportive government policies.
Solar and hydroelectric power are classified as
Solar and hydroelectric power are classified as renewable energy sources since they can be continuously replenished and used repeatedly without the risk of exhaustion.
Subsistence farming is characterized by
Subsistence farming mainly relies on manual labour and basic tools. It is not capital-intensive and is aimed at producing just enough food to feed the farmer's family, with little or no surplus for sale.
Heavy industries are characterized by
Heavy industries are characterized by large-scale manufacturing, use of heavy machinery and extensive infrastructure; shipbuilding is a prime example.
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