All 145 questions from the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) English Language 2019 Objective paper, with the correct answer and a full explanation for each. Free, no signup needed.
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Though my mother was convinced about the success of the business, her manager remained ____ .
To be convinced about something means to be certain or have a strong belief in it. The opposite is skeptical, doubtful, or unconvinced.
Judgement should always be in favour of the innocent and not the ____ .
An innocent person is not guilty of a crime. The opposite of innocent is guilty, criminal, erring.
Layi is quite reliable but his sister is ____ .
Someone reliable can be trusted or believed because they behave well and consistently. The opposite of reliable is untrustworthy.
The gullible and not the ____ usually fall prey to tricksters.
A gullible person is easily deceived and too willing to believe others without good judgement. The opposite is discerning.
Tom's humility contrasts with his brother's ____ .
Humility is the quality of not being proud or considering yourself better than others. The opposite is haughtiness.
The life of man appears long but, in reality, it is ____ .
'Long' here describes a life that continues for a large amount of time. The opposite is 'brief' — a life that is shortly lived.
In the interest of peace, it is better to dialogue than to be ____ .
To dialogue, in a crisis, means to hold talks aimed at bringing peace and compromise. The opposite is to be confrontational — to instigate conflict.
All the wealth amassed by a greedy father is often ____ by undisciplined children.
To amass wealth is to collect a large amount over time. The opposite, as used in the sentence, is to squander — to waste it.
Many people find cod liver oil disgusting but soldiers find it ____ .
Whatever is disgusting is extremely unpleasant or repellent. The opposite is pleasant, appealing.
The arrival of the riot police at our campus ____ the tension rather than mitigate it.
If a tension is mitigated, it is made less harmful. The opposite of mitigate is to worsen or heighten.
Investigations revealed that the senior students ____ the juniors to throw stones at the Principal's car.
Instigate means to stir or get people to revolt or do what is wrong; to cause an event to happen by stirring up a set of actions.
The Supreme Court ____ the ruling of the lower court.
The legal register used for cancelling a decision or making it have no legal effect is 'nullify' — to make a legal decision have no legal force.
The board has ____ the film because it contains some nude scenes.
'Censor' is the register used for a film, book, or music that is banned from being published or circulated because it is considered unsuitable for the public.
Many young graduates have ____ to the West in search of greener pastures.
Emigrate means to leave a country permanently to live in another. It differs from 'abscond', which means to leave secretly to escape from somewhere.
The Committee let him go because they considered her explanation ____ .
A plausible explanation is one likely to be true or believable; a plausible person appears honest and truthful.
The company has paid dividends to its ____ .
Dividends are paid to shareholders — persons who own shares in a company, into which its ownership is divided.
Within one year, that country has ____ its currency five times.
In economics, to devalue currency means to reduce the rate at which it can be exchanged for foreign money.
The man was arrested because he ____ in the repayment of the loan.
In banking, to default means to fail to do something you are legally obliged to do, such as repay a debt.
Many members of political parties ____ to opposing parties just before elections.
In politics, defect means to leave a political party, especially to join an opposing one (also called 'cross-carpeting').
The boy must have ____ the disease from the school.
In medicine, contract means to catch or become ill with a disease, especially by being infested by someone/something.
The class captain got cold feet when he was asked to lead the protest. This means that the class captain became
To 'have cold feet' means to suffer a loss of nerve or confidence.
Street traders often try to palm their customers off with faulty goods. This means that street traders
To 'palm something off' is to give it away or persuade someone to accept/buy it because you know it has no value, i.e. to trick them.
He has broken new ground in cancer treatment with his drug. This means that he has
'Break new ground' means to do pioneering work; to be the first to introduce a new method, idea, or invention.
The Principal stood her ground even when the students revolted. This means that the Principal
'Stand your ground' means to refuse to be pushed backwards, or to maintain your beliefs/position in an argument.
Looking after young children can tax one's patience. This means that looking after children
If something 'taxes' you, it requires a lot of effort, strength, or endurance to accomplish.
When the show was about to begin, we were still at sixes and sevens. This means that we were
'At sixes and sevens' means in a confused, badly organized, or difficult situation.
My aunt's rough driving could make one tear one's hair out. This means that her driving could make one
If you 'tear your hair out' over something, you are feeling a great deal of anxiety over it.
We never expected that Father would read us the riot act. This means that our father
'Read the riot act' means to give someone a strong warning that they must improve their behaviour.
You will certainly break his heart if you tell him that. This means that telling him that would
When you 'break someone's heart', you cause them great or extreme sadness/sorrow.
He is at a crossroads of his life. This means that it is time for him to
'Be at a crossroads' means to be at a stage in your life when you must make a very important decision.
Amina is fond of making derogatory remarks about her brother.
'Derogatory' describes a remark that shows strong disapproval and disrespect — disparaging, offensive, or belittling.
His jail terms are to run concurrently.
Whatever runs 'concurrently' happens at the same time — simultaneously. ('Consecutively' means one after another without interruption.)
Here's a man who comes from a background of entertainment.
'Background' here refers to his experience, knowledge, or exposure to entertainment.
She has always been grateful to you for having saved her from kidnappers.
'Grateful' describes showing or expressing thanks, especially to another person — i.e. thankful.
The whole place was in turmoil when we got there.
'Turmoil' is a state of confusion, uncertainty, or lack of order.
Charles' concern for Anna is affected.
'Affected' describes a manner or behaviour that is artificial, fake, and not sincere; full of pretence.
Corporal punishment is meant to be a deterrent to indiscipline.
A 'deterrent' is a punishment which prevents other people from doing something for which a person is punished — a discouragement.
The new bank is fast becoming insolvent.
'Insolvent' means not having enough money to pay debts or having no control over one's financial matters — i.e. bankrupt.
He did all he could to defend his master.
'Defend' means to protect someone or something against attack or criticism.
I hope the Principal would be gracious enough to forgive us.
'Gracious' here means merciful, compassionate, forgiving, tender-hearted.
You have no excuse ____ late.
The noun 'excuse' collocates with the preposition 'for', followed by a gerund (-ing verbal noun): 'You have no excuse for being late'.
My phone is superior ____ yours.
The adjective 'superior' collocates with the preposition 'to'.
You will surely help me with my work, ____ ?
The auxiliary verb 'will' in a positive statement forms a negative question tag: 'You will surely help me... won't you?'
The trader tried to cash in ____ the customer's ignorance.
'Cash in on' is a phrasal verb meaning to get money or an advantage from something, often unfairly.
She hates ____ kept waiting.
What follows the verb 'hate' should be a noun or gerund (verbal noun); the correct form here is 'being kept'.
He took his share and gave them ____ .
'Theirs' is the appropriate possessive pronoun; note it does not take an apostrophe.
It is advisable to mind your own business and not ____ .
The apostrophe marks possession and should be attached to 'else' to show the matter belongs to another person: 'somebody else's'.
Mike was very glad ____ that he had won the lottery.
In this sentence structure, what follows 'glad' must be a to-infinitive verb: 'glad to hear'.
Mr Kwesi bought ____ .
The headword 'cupboard' comes last; modifiers are ordered: article ('an'), quality adjective ('attractive'), then age/time adjective ('new').
Don't let Jack bully you: stand up ____ him.
'Stand up to somebody' is a phrasal verb meaning to defend yourself against a powerful person or group treating you unfairly.
The culprits ____ when we entered the courtroom.
The action was ongoing at a point in the past, so the verb should be past progressive (passive): 'were being interrogated'.
The students had no choice ____ to do as they had been commanded.
'But' (meaning 'except') is appropriate here because 'except' cannot be followed directly by a to-infinitive verb, only by a prepositional phrase.
My submission ____ by the Council at the moment.
'At the moment' shows the action is ongoing, so a passive present continuous is needed: 'is being considered'.
If she had known, she wouldn't have come, ____ ?
The tag uses the modal verb of the last clause ('wouldn't have come'); since the statement is negative, the tag must be positive: 'would she'.
Last week's assignment was ____ difficult for me.
'Much too' should come before 'too' to indicate a large degree of difficulty: 'much too difficult for me'.
Could you please ____ a receipt for my purchase?
To 'make out' a cheque, slip, or receipt means to write all the necessary information on it.
This is an improvement ____ the last report.
'Improvement' collocates with 'on' when referring to a particular thing being better than a previous version.
You can apply if you agree ____ their terms.
'Agree' collocates with 'to' for agreeing to something (e.g. terms), and with 'with' for agreeing with somebody.
When we were in boarding school, my parents usually came to check ____ us every week.
'Check on somebody' means to try to discover what someone is doing or how they are faring, to be sure they are safe and well.
It is I who ____ to blame for the lapses.
The pronoun 'I' takes 'am', 'was', or 'were'; in this context, 'It is I who am to blame' is correct.
The holiday came to an end all ____ soon.
'All too' is used before an adjective/adverb to emphasize a negative meaning: 'The holidays flew all too quickly'.
The research was carried out ____ a sample population.
The noun 'research' collocates with 'on' when referring to what it was carried out on (the verb 'research' collocates with 'into').
Though ____ by opposition from his own supporters, the Chairman pressed ahead with his plans.
Only the participle ('-en') form is needed in this clause: 'Though shaken by opposition...'.
To avoid trouble, it is best to say very ____ on the case.
'Little' (not much) is appropriate here; 'less' does not take 'very' in this way, while 'few'/'small' apply to countable nouns.
He offered no explanation, ____ an apology.
'Still less' is used to make a negative statement stronger: 'He offered no explanation, still less an apology'.
Our school will ____ one hundred and twenty students this year.
'Turn out' means to produce something, often in large numbers: 'Our school will turn out one hundred and twenty students this year'.
At the last minute, Amidu ____ of the plan.
'Back out of' a plan means to withdraw from a commitment at the last minute.
We need to ____ for lost ground.
'Make up for' lost ground is the standard idiomatic expression, meaning to compensate for something.
Blood is usually screened ____ transfusion.
Blood screening precedes transfusion; hence 'before' is correct.
I believe he'll be arrested ____ .
'Someday' means at some time in the future which is not yet known or stated: 'Maybe someday you'll both meet again'.
(gap 71)
'Spectators' best fits people who trooped into the stadium to watch — people watching an event without taking part.
(gap 72)
The home team, having arrived early, would be in the 'dressing room' before kickoff.
(gap 73)
The referee 'blew' his whistle to signal the teams onto the pitch.
(gap 74)
Captains come forward before a match for the pre-match coin 'toss'.
(gap 75)
Exchanging 'jerseys' and shaking hands is a common pre/post-match courtesy between team captains.
(gap 76)
Supporters sing and dance in the spectator 'stands'.
(gap 77)
Teams that create but don't convert opportunities are said to have 'squandered' those chances.
(gap 78)
'Substitutes' (reserve players) typically warm themselves up on the sideline during a break in play.
(gap 79)
A 'shot' from the half-back is the natural word for an attempt at goal.
(gap 80)
A cross/shot being met and 'headed' into the net is the standard football description for a headed goal.
1. Informal letter: Write a letter to a friend describing the experiences you have gained from a leadership/prefect role in your school.
18, Giwa Williams Street, Iyana Church, Abeokuta, Osun State. June 29th, 2019. Dear Funke, It's been a while since we've heard from each other. I trust you're doing just fine, as no news is good news. I'm quite sure you're coping and balancing your studies with your role as the Health Prefect of your school, so that none suffers. In fact, I find it quite interesting to share the experiences I've gained in my role as the Library Prefect of Bright Tomorrow College, hence the essence of this letter. As a Library Prefect, I've been working with the school Librarian in a number of capacities which include lending books out and seeing to their return, keeping a proper catalogue of outgoing and incoming books, and being accountable for the contact information of borrowers, etc. These duties, I must say, have improved my organizational skill; I now pay attention to details and keep proper records of things. Interestingly, being in charge of books has increased my quest for knowledge. I've read quite a good number of books not only academic but also literary and historical books as well as documentaries. I've explored and travelled to many parts of the world through the pages of books. The knowledge I've gained regarding sciences, culture, social behaviour, and tribal and racial differences is quite invaluable. Since I get to deal with different students every day, solving problems relating to them has improved my communication with people and understanding of humans generally. By virtue of being the Library Prefect, I'm automatically one of the leaders of the Literary and debating, and reading clubs. We've either organized or attended some interesting initiatives to create awareness on the reading culture of students. In one of those occasions, Books for Every African Child (BEAC), an NGO based in Abuja, invited ten schools, including Bright Tomorrow College, to give a speech on the reading culture of Nigerian youths. This experience further strengthened my confidence in facing a crowd of students and impacting them through talk. Funke, I won't say everything has been rosy, as I've faced challenges dealing with people and balancing my role alongside my academic performance. But the challenges have all strengthened my resolve to do more. I'd love to hear from you too. I'm sure you've got a lot of gist for me, especially how you're able to navigate your responsibility as the Health Prefect of your school. Take good care. Yours sincerely, Bunmi
2. Article: Write an article for publication in a magazine on the topic 'Drug Abuse Among Nigerian Youth: Causes and Solutions.'
DRUG ABUSE AMONG NIGERIAN YOUTH: CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS By Mezie Ojukwu, SS 3B The incidence of drug abuse, especially among Nigerian youths and the country at large, are spelling doom we may not be able to cope with if nothing is done urgently to nib this menace. Drug abuse here refers to the use of illicit substances, misuse or overdose of drugs for different unhealthy purposes. These substances include cocaine, cannabis, heroine, codeine, tramadol, among other substances that are dangerous to health. One noticeable cause of drug abuse among youth is peer pressure. The youthful exuberance in every young person gives them the hunches to wanting to try everything new, especially doing drugs and engaging in sexual practices. An innocent boy, if not well-guided, can be influenced by his corrupt peers who are used to doing drugs. They can lure him with the temporal 'benefit' they enjoy from drugs such as feeling high and enjoying a fantasied realm. The other day, many young men were caught in a rendezvous in Kano while they were gulping lots of cough syrups containing codeine. Some were even said to have confessed to sniffing the disgusting smell/evaporation emanating from latrine. Peer influence would have dragged some of them into this. Another cause is mental disorder, commonly called depression. Life is hard on many young able-bodied Nigerians. People are facing many problems ranging from economic challenges, family issues, anger issues to poverty. They are leading miserable lives. While many find solace in religious gatherings, a large number of others deal with their depression by drugging and drinking just to enjoy momentary relief. This has further caused addiction to drugs. Besides, parental neglect is another cause. Where parents neglect their responsibility to socially guard and guide their adolescents at the time the latter need close monitoring, such adolescents will find guidance elsewhere either from already damaged adults or from other misguided/unguided adolescents. Many uneducated boys working with public transporters/drivers learned how to smoke cigarette and wraps of grinded dry pawpaw leaves from these drivers. However, one way of curbing drug abuse is by spreading consistent awareness about the negative effects of drugs. This awareness tour should get to secondary schools, universities and every nook and cranny of our societies. Youths must be sensitized in different languages on the need to desist from doing drugs. The government should strongly implement policy against the sales of hard drugs and their importations. Arrested drug addicts should undergo mental and psychological rehabilitation. Awareness to resist people suffering from depression should equally be initiated. All these will definitely curb and reduce the incidence of drug abuse among Nigerian youths.
3. Formal letter: Write a letter to the Principal of your school, giving a true account of a fight you witnessed, to defend a student who was wrongly expelled because of it.
Okigbo Memorial College, 4, Okigure Road, Owerri, Imo State. June 29, 2019. Dear Sir, A TRUE ACCOUNT OF THE RECENT FIGHT I am Peter Njokwu, a student in S.S. 3B. Being an eye witness of the fight that occurred on the 15th of June, 2019, resulting in the expulsion of Julius Obi, I find it necessary to set the record straight by giving a true account of the incidence, and to show that Julius Obi was not at fault and should not have been expelled. Truth be told, it was Amaka Joseph, the most notorious troublesome girl in S.S. 2, who triggered the fight. Amaka had once had issues with Rebecca Okafor, the Labour Prefect, because the latter ordered her and a couple of others to clean up the field as punishment for coming late to school. This had happened some weeks earlier. Amaka, being a belligerent girl, was then looking for a slight opportunity to waylay Rebecca. On the day of the incidence, both were seen fighting near the hall. Amaka was almost tearing the Labour Prefect's uniform as well as slapping, when Julius and I got to the scene. Knowing the kind of person Amaka is, I did not intervene, but Julius mediated between the fighters and freed Rebecca off Amaka's hands. Suddenly, Amaka held Julius, while slapping, harassing and shouting at the same time. She called attention and screamed that Julius was fondling with her body. In a short while, Amaka's boyfriend, Michael Chukwu, and his friend, John Nnanna, both in SS3, arrived the scene. They took Amaka's word for it and started beating Julius up. The beating was too much as they were hitting him with broken legs of chairs. Julius had to defend himself; Julius swiftly threw his elbow to defend himself but it hit Amaka on the left eye and she fell. It was a serious hit; the eye swelled with many stains of blood. She was rushed to the school clinic. Sir, Julius was just a victim of the whole situation, and shouldn't have been expelled. Many students know him as a well-behaved, brilliant boy, with no single record of fight in the school. The real culprit here is Amaka herself, her boyfriend Michael and John who worsened the whole situation. Julius was only trying to mediate and everything turned against him. Sir, I will like that his case, and see reasons why Julius Obi should be reinstated. Thank you for your understanding. Yours faithfully, Peter Njokwu
4. Speech: Prepare the text of a speech to be delivered by the outgoing Head Boy at a send-off ceremony, addressing 'The Challenges of Prefectship.'
THE CHALLENGES OF PREFECTSHIP: A SPEECH DELIVERED BY THE HEADBOY The Principal, Vice-principal, Teachers, Parents, my fellow outgoing Prefects and every student of Latter Glory College here present. I count it a privilege standing before you all on this memorable send-off ceremony and giving a speech on the challenges of prefectship. My experience, as the Head Boy, has taught me that prefectship is a clarion call to serve. My fellow outgoing prefects can attest that on many occasions either an individual or as a group we have sacrificed time, energy and even resources to get students organized and get things done in the right way. Enthusiastic in-coming prefects must understand that beyond the title and euphoria of being called prefects, lies real work, challenges, responsibility, sacrifice and leadership, requires commitments and determination to organize humans. And students, I must say, are very difficult to lead. Yet at prefects, you have responsibility to balance the expectations from both the school authorities and the students. Many times, we have left our personal studies to attend to complaints, issues and fight among students, especially cases of bullying and harassment. Many students hardly comply with school rules, and you, as prefects, have to find a way of making them do so in the most civil way. For instance, roaming while classes are ongoing is common among senior students, as prefects, you must ensure this indiscipline should not be tolerated, even if the student is your friend or classmate. Also, I need to say that many challenges are unforeseen and unexpected; prefects must be pro-active to manage conflicts before it degenerates boldly. One way to do this is by timely reporting to teachers or school authorities. Besides, some challenges require that you learn safety and first-aid tips. I'm sure the Health Prefect, Debora Miracle, can recall the day a junior student collapsed while all teachers were at a compulsory meeting at the school Hall. You all know how far the Hall is to the Junior Block A. The Health Prefect and I dashed to the scene. Immediately we forced her mouth open, and put a spoon across her teeth to prevent her teeth gnashing. We then applied other safety tips to resuscitate the girl. Afterwards, she was taken to the clinic. God forbid what would have happened if we hadn't provided that timely intervention. You therefore need to be prepared for service always and be ready to solve problems because challenges will come your way unexpectedly. I will like to end my speech by thanking the school authorities for giving us the privilege to serve and learn through the challenges that came our way. The leadership lessons we have learnt will be useful to us in life. To the next set of prefects, I pray you receive the enablement to perform better than we did, and do the school proud. Thank you for listening.
5. Narrative essay: Write a story to illustrate the saying 'I wish I had listened to my parents.'
I WISH I HAD LISTENED TO MY PARENTS It seemed my parents saw the womb of time; they knew that whatever an adult sees while sitting, a child won't see it even if he climbs a tree. They know what might befall me if I kept being under the bad influence of Yetunde. They knew her case wasn't just a youthful exuberance; she was completely wayward. My parents were sure that if I kept being in Yetunde's company, it was only a matter of time for evil communication to corrupt good manners. But I thought they were only mean, and didn't want me to enjoy my adolescence; I misconstrued their intention to save me from danger ahead. I though they wanted to keep friends away from me; I though they were over-protective. So, I would sneak out every weekend to Yetunde's house. We would have luscious fun, we would drink, party and go out with weird boys and girls I have never known before. I attended a school that was a stone's throw to Yetunde's. I always looked forward to seeing her, during break, and I wouldn't return to school to complete my lesson for the day. Yetunde was such a social enthusiast, talker and bad influencer. We would do all sorts of nasty things including smoking. I was naive and inquisitive; I wanted to try everything that would make me free from home. Although she was two years older than me, both in age and in class, I always preferred to rapport and relate with older persons even much older. "Would you give Uncle Wolex a chance to roll with you? You will enjoy him I swear! Just try him", Yetunde said. Wolex was a neighbourhood uncle I didn't know before. Since Yetunde had endorsed him, I started going out with him. His car was enticing, his outlook and fragrance, alluring. We would eat, party, kiss and have sex. The first time my period ceased, I was afraid to call Uncle Wolex. I called Yetunde instead; she informed Wolex and we did something about it in a nearby clinic. My mum, being a mother, almost suspected my restlessness, but I pretended nothing had happened. I lost concentration. My performance in school soon reduced to woes. It is either my thought was filled with next outing, next fondling with Wolex or how to get rid of another abortion. We always did something about it when it happened. It never occurred to me to question Yetunde why her boyfriend, Joe hadn't got her pregnant. I was always the one visiting the clinic. The last one I had messed my life up. It was on a Sunday evening. My parents had gone for their usual extended family meeting. Wolex and Yetunde drove in to pick me up. We did it but it went wrong this time. I got home feeling weak and dying on the inside. I covered up so my parents wouldn't notice when they returned. I barely slept that night. Dad drove me to school the next, a Monday morning, though I was in distress unknown to him. Few hours later I passed out while lesson was ongoing. I was rushed to the school clinic from there to a hospital. My dad was contacted. The doctor rescued my life, but I lost my womb. My parents arrested Wolex and Yetunde, but that wouldn't fix my shattered life. I wish my path had never crossed Yetunde's. I wish I had listened to my parents.
1. marry
Letter 'a' in marry produces a short /æ/ sound, also represented by 'a' in batter. 'Barter' and 'martyr' produce the long /ɑ:/ instead.
2. litmus
Letter 'u' in litmus represents a schwa sound /ə/, also found in the first syllable of papa.
3. hurdle
Letters 'ur' in hurdle represent the long sound /ɜ:/, also found in bird.
4. wretch
Letter 'e' in wretch represents the short /e/, also found in welter.
5. country
Letters 'ou' in country represent the short sound /ʌ/, also found in tongue.
6. bawl
Letters 'aw' in bawl represent the long sound /ɔ:/, also represented by 'or' in port.
7. familiar
Letter 'i' in familiar represents the short /ɪ/, also represented by 'i' in slipped.
8. back
Letter 'a' in back is short /æ/, also found in pat.
9. canoe
Letters 'oe' in canoe represent the long vowel /u:/, the same as 'ew' in brew.
10. league
Letters 'ea' in league represent the long vowel /i:/, also found in critique.
11. flout
Letters 'ou' in flout represent the diphthong /aʊ/; letters 'ough' in plough represent the same sound.
12. kite
Letter 'i' in kite represents the diphthong /aɪ/, also noticed in brighter.
13. protein
Letter 'o' in protein produces the diphthong /əʊ/, also found in go.
14. destroy
Letters 'oy' in destroy are pronounced as the diphthong /ɔɪ/, also noticed in poise.
15. waste
Letter 'a' in waste is pronounced as the diphthong /eɪ/; letters 'ea' in great produce the same sound.
16. lamb
Letters 'mb' in lamb represent the bilabial sound /m/ (letter 'b' is silent), also noticed in dam.
17. king
Letters 'ng' in king represent the velar sound /ŋ/, also noticed in lung.
18. court
Letter 'c' in court represents the velar /k/; letters 'q'/'ck' in quickly produce the same sound.
19. rubber
Letters 'bb' in rubber represent the voiced plosive /b/, also noticed in thimble ('b' is silent in plumber).
20. fashion
Letter 'sh'/'gh' sound represented in fashion is also represented by letters 'gh' in trough.
21. truth
Letters 'th' in truth represent the voiceless dental fricative /θ/, also represented in threw ('though' instead has the voiced /ð/).
22. solder
Letter 's' in solder represents the voiceless alveolar /s/, also represented by 's' in society.
23. thatch
Letters 'tch' in thatch produce the voiceless affricate /tʃ/, also found in challenge.
24. shining
Letters 'sh' in shining represent /ʃ/, also represented by 'ch' in chauffeur ('ch' in chilly instead produces /tʃ/).
25. badge
Letters 'dge' in badge represent the voiced affricate /dʒ/, also found in tangible.
26. apron
Letters 'pr' in apron produce the consonant cluster /pr/, also appearing in print.
27. diesel
Letter 's' in diesel represents the voiced /z/, also represented by 's' in boys.
28. dream
Letter 'r' in dream represents the approximant /r/, also found in thrill.
29. lolly
Letter 'l' in lolly represents the lateral sound /l/, also noticed in calcium.
30. water
Letter 'w' in water represents the approximant /w/, also found in twirl.
31. horde
The last two sounds in horde are /ɔ:/ and /d/, which rhyme with those of board.
32. file
The two sounds that end file are /aɪ/ and /l/, also ending aisle.
33. treasure
The last two sounds ending treasure are /ʒ/ and /ə/, also ending leisure.
34. great
The last two sounds ending great are /eɪ/ and /t/, also ending weight.
35. message
The ending sounds of message (/s/, /ɪ/, /dʒ/) are echoed most closely in budget among the given options.
36. constitution
The word has its primary stress on the third syllable: /ˌkɒnstɪ'tju:ʃn/.
37. extravagant
The word has its primary stress on the second syllable.
38. interrogate
The word has its primary stress on the second syllable.
39. catastrophic
The word has its primary stress on the third syllable.
40. population
The word has its primary stress on the third syllable.
41. (compare stress patterns)
The other words have primary stress on the first syllable; 'allow' has its primary stress on the second syllable.
42. (compare stress patterns)
The other words have primary stress on the first syllable; 'repellent' has its primary stress on the second syllable.
43. (compare stress patterns)
The other words have primary stress on the first syllable; 'convalesce' has its primary stress on the third syllable.
44. (compare stress patterns)
The other words have primary stress on the second syllable; 'sinister' has its primary stress on the first syllable.
45. (compare stress patterns)
The other words have primary stress on the second syllable; 'vehicle' has its primary stress on the first syllable.
46. John was a football LEGEND.
The emphasis on LEGEND reinforces a correction to 'Was John a football coach?' — 'No, he was rather a football LEGEND.'
47. Three executives REQUESTED to see the manager.
The emphasis on REQUESTED reinforces a correction to 'Did three top executives decline to see the manager?'
48. DORIS is a meticulous worker.
The emphasis on DORIS reinforces a correction to 'Is James a meticulous worker?' — 'No, it is DORIS that is meticulous.'
49. The junior BOY cleaned the floor.
The emphasis on BOY reinforces a correction to 'Did the junior girl clean the floor?'
50. Omo's brother won a RADIO.
The emphasis on RADIO reinforces a correction to 'Did Omo's brother win a phone?'
51. /ɪə/
The diphthong /ɪə/ is found only in fears, among the given options.
52. /ʌ/
The short vowel /ʌ/ is found only in coloured.
53. /aʊ/
The diphthong /aʊ/ is found only in counsel.
54. /ɔ:/
The long vowel /ɔ:/ is found only in authentic.
55. /ɑ:/
The long vowel /ɑ:/ is found only in heart.
56. /t/
The consonant /t/ (as a clear onset sound) is illustrated by tidy amongst the given words.
57. /p/
The plosive /p/ is noticeable only in compare; 'p' is silent in pneumonia, cupboard has /b/ context, and psychology's 'p' is silent.
58. /ʒ/
The fricative /ʒ/ is noticeable only in leisure amongst the given words.
59. /dʒ/
The voiced affricate /dʒ/ is noticeable only in plumage.
60. /tʃ/
The voiceless affricate /tʃ/ is found only in teacher.
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