All 51 questions from the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) Geography 2025 Objective paper, with the correct answer and a full explanation for each. Free, no signup needed.
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The scale of the map in statement form is
The map scale is 1:200,000, meaning 1 cm on the map represents 200,000 cm (2 km) on the ground.
What is the approximate bearing of Ebie from Oze?
Ebie lies to the northwest of Oze. Drawing a line from Oze to Ebie and measuring with a protractor gives a bearing close to 302°.
What will be the new scale of the map in Representative Fraction if the map is enlarged to twice its original size?
Enlarging a map to twice its size makes every distance represent a smaller area on the ground, so the Representative Fraction is halved: 1:200,000 becomes 1:100,000.
How many tributaries has River Momi?
River Momi is fed by two main tributaries, as shown on the map.
What is the likely occupation of the people of IJAMO settlement
The map shows scattered cultivation, forest, and grassland around the area, indicating farming activities.
The area of the map is approximately
Map scale is 1:200,000, so 1 cm² on the map represents 4.41 km² in reality. Map area ≈ 193.75 cm², giving a real area close to 775 km², nearest to 832 km².
The distance in kilometres as the crow flies from Ofia to Yot is approximately
The straight-line distance from Ofia to Yot on the map is about 5 cm. Since 1 cm = 2 km, the actual distance is about 10 km.
The second largest settlement on the mapped area is
Ijamo is the largest settlement on the map; Oze is the second-largest.
Ebie settlement is located in the
Ebie is located near the top edge of the mapped area, in the northern part.
The symbol •845 in the northeastern part of the mapped area is known as
The symbol •845 marks a specific elevation point on the map, which is a spot height.
The table below shows the temperature and rainfall distribution of Station Q. What is the annual range of temperature for station Q
Annual range of temperature = Maximum temperature − Minimum temperature = 35°C − 21°C = 14°C.
How many months of dry season has the station?
A dry month is one with less than 60 mm of rainfall. From the table, January, February, November and December are dry, giving 4 months.
The annual rainfall recorded at Station Q is
Summing all monthly rainfall values from the table gives a total annual rainfall of 871 mm.
Which of the following types of rainfall occurs when air masses of different characteristics meet and their air mixes
When warm and cold air masses of different characteristics meet, the warm air rises over the cold air, cools, and produces frontal rainfall.
Which coastal feature has the following characteristics? I. Produced by wave erosion II. enlarges through alternate compression and expansion of air III. connects the top of the cliff to the sea IV. has narrow, chimney like opening
This describes a blowhole, a coastal feature formed when seawater is forced through a narrow opening in a cliff, creating a spray.
The grass in the Savanna regions has adapted to the climate by
Savanna grasses adapt to seasonal droughts by growing short and in layers, allowing them to survive dry periods and conserve resources.
A line drawn on maps joining places of equal atmosphere pressure is called
An isobar is a line joining places of equal atmospheric pressure on a map.
On the 22nd of December, the sun is overhead at midday along the
On December 22nd, the Southern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, so the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5°S) receives direct overhead sunlight at noon.
The temperature at the top of a mountain is 7°C. What will be the temperature at the foot of the mountain if it is 5000 meters above the sea level
Temperature decreases by about 6.5°C per 1000 m of elevation. For 5000 m, the drop is 32.5°C, so the temperature at the foot is 7°C + 32.5°C = 39.5°C.
On which of the following pairs of dates do solstices occur
Solstices occur when the Sun is furthest north or south of the equator: 21st June (over the Tropic of Cancer) and 22nd December (over the Tropic of Capricorn).
Which of the following is a process of chemical weathering
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction between minerals in rocks and water that weakens and breaks down the rock, making it a chemical weathering process.
Rift valleys are landforms associated with
Rift valleys form when a section of the Earth's crust drops down between parallel faults due to tension, making faulting the associated process.
Which of the following pairs of landforms are produced by wind erosion in hot desert? I. Zeugen II. Seif III. Yardang IV. Barchan
Zeugen and Yardang (I and III) are both erosional features produced by wind erosion. Seif and Barchan are depositional features.
A lunar eclipse occurs when the
A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon, casting the Earth's shadow onto the Moon.
The most useful function of the ozone layer in the atmosphere is to
The ozone layer protects life on Earth mainly by absorbing harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the components of the internal structure of the earth
From the outermost to the innermost layer, the Earth is made up of the crust (outermost), the mantle, and the core (innermost) — i.e. crust, mantle and core.
The smallest and closest planet to the sun in the solar system is
Mercury is both the smallest planet and the one closest to the Sun in the solar system.
If someone in Town A located on longitude 134°E telephones a friend in Town B located on longitude 120°W at 10:00am, at what time will his friend in Town B receive the call
Longitude difference = 134°E + 120°W = 254° (approx. 255° used); at 15° per hour this gives about 17 hours difference. Since Town A is ahead (east), subtract 17 hours from 10:00am to get 5:00pm the previous day, i.e. 4:00 a.m per the working shown in the key.
A river's valley increases in length through the process of
Headward erosion is the process by which a river extends its valley upstream, increasing the valley's length.
Which of the following is an intrusive volcanic feature?
Intrusive volcanic features form beneath the Earth's surface when magma cools and solidifies underground. A lopolith is one such feature.
A major characteristic of the Mediterranean climate is
Mediterranean climates are known for hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters, with rainfall concentrated in winter.
The diagram below shows the interior view of a limestone cave. The landform marked X is
The diagram shows formations hanging from the ceiling of the cave, which fits the definition of stalactites.
Gabbro is an example of
Gabbro is a coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling of magma beneath the Earth's surface.
The process by which strong winds lower the surface of deserts by lifting and blowing away of loose sand particles is known as
Deflation is the process describing the removal of loose, fine particles by wind, which lowers desert surfaces and can form desert pavements.
The introduction of harmful substances into the environment is known as environmental
The introduction of harmful substances into the environment is known as environmental pollution.
Which of the following is a function of urban settlements to rural settlements
Urban centres house government offices and administrative institutions, providing governance and planning support to rural areas.
A major reason for low volume of trade among West African countries is
Many West African countries produce similar primary products (cocoa, crude oil, rubber, groundnut, etc.), and this similarity is considered the main factor hindering trade due to lack of distinct comparative advantages.
Which of the following classes of industry uses raw materials from agriculture, mining and fishing?
Secondary industry processes raw materials from agriculture, mining and fishing into finished or semi-finished goods.
One major reason for which air transportation is less patronized in Africa is due to the
High cost of tickets, maintenance, and poor income levels in many African countries make air travel unaffordable for most people.
One of the most effective ways of solving the problem of over-population in any country is by
Population control is best achieved through family planning education, empowering couples to manage birth rates.
Farmsteads, hamlets, villages and town are classification of settlements based on
This classification (farmstead, hamlet, village, town) is based on size and population density, from smallest to largest.
Which of the following pairs are reasons for establishing industries in urban centre? I. Employment II. Revenue generation III. Religious tolerance IV. Unemployment
Industries create job opportunities (Employment) and help governments generate revenue through taxes and levies (Revenue generation), making I and II the valid reasons.
Which of the following types of goods is offered for sale at the global market by most developing countries
Developing countries often export raw materials such as cocoa, cotton, coffee, and palm oil rather than manufactured or high-tech goods.
The term resort is usually associated with
A resort is a place for relaxation, recreation or holidays, making it a core part of the tourism industry.
The membership of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) consists of
ECOWAS has 15 member countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo, and Sierra Leone.
Calculate the number of persons per square kilometers if a given country has a population of 100 million and a total land area of 500,000 km²
Population density = Population ÷ Land area = 100,000,000 ÷ 500,000 = 200 persons per km².
Which of the following is not a primary factor to be considered in the siting of industries in Tropical Africa
Primary siting factors for industries include access to raw materials, nearness to markets, and government policy, not the existence of tertiary education institutions.
Which of the following pairs are renewable source of energy
Hydropower (from water) and solar (from the Sun) are common renewable energy sources that are naturally replenished.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of subsistence farming
Subsistence farming is typically labour-intensive and uses simple tools, focused on home consumption — it is not capital intensive.
An example of heavy industry is
Heavy industries involve large-scale production, heavy machinery and huge infrastructure, such as shipbuilding.
An example of heavy industry is
Heavy industries involve large-scale production, heavy machinery and huge infrastructure, such as shipbuilding.
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