WAEC Government 2021 Theory — Question 2

Model answer

i. Constitutional limitations: the supremacy of the constitution of a country coupled with observation of the rule of law can serve as a limitation to the supreme power of a state. No individual or public officer acts contrary to the provision of the constitution. ii. The rule of law guides against arbitrary rule. iii. Separation of powers and checks and balances. iv. International conventions and agreements: international laws and agreements (treaties) signed with other sovereign states and foreign bodies constrain government from acting contrary to internationally agreed standards. v. Customs and traditions of the people: regard for traditions and customs of a particular community in a state can restrain the state from exercising its sovereign power. vi. Regulatory enforcement mechanisms. vii. Consent of the governed/political sovereignty: the popular sovereignty of the electorate to decide who should be their leaders during elections may serve as a constraint to a government in taking certain decisions. viii. Vibrant independent media: criticizes government policies and actions and disseminates information to the public about government actions and policies. ix. A vibrant opposition: political opposition serves as a check on the ruling party. x. Judicial independence/judicial review. xi. Fear of impeachment/vote of no confidence.