WAEC Islamic Religious Studies (IRS) 2022 Theory — Question 2

Model answer

'Umar, known as Abu Hafs, was born c. 585 AD in Mecca, an influential member of the Adia clan of the Quraysh, initially following the polytheistic religion of his people. He was tall, physically strong, a renowned wrestler and fighter, well-educated, and a skilful orator who became an influential figure in local politics and business, working as a merchant. He was originally one of the bitterest opponents of Muhammad and persecuted the new Muslims with cruelty. However, in 616 AD, at the age of 39, on his way to confront Muhammad, he was influenced by his sister and her husband, who had already converted to Islam; after being humbled by their devotion, he became a devoted follower and confidant of the Prophet. 'Umar became influential in helping the new religion gain acceptance among the local residents, practising his religious duties openly. Due to ongoing friction with the authorities, Muhammad and his followers, including Umar, migrated to Medina in 622 for greater safety. 'Umar also played a key role in helping to collect the verses of the Qur'an; it was he who advised Abu Bakr to have Zayd ibn Thabit compile the Qur'an into a single book. After the Prophet's death in 632, there was uncertainty over succession; 'Umar promptly supported the candidacy of Abu Bakr as the Prophet's successor, helping to prevent conflict.