WAEC Literature in English 2025 Theory — Question 20

Model answer

The play Fences by August Wilson documents the treatment of Blacks in the United States in the 20th century; themes include racial discrimination, marital conflict, love and marriage. The play offers a rich, poignant and multi-layered portrayal of African-American life in the mid-20th century, specifically during the 1950s, delving beyond superficial representations to explore complex interplay of socio-economic limitations, racial prejudice, generational aspirations, familial dynamics, and the enduring spirit of a community striving for dignity and identity in a prejudiced society. Firstly, the play vividly illustrates the socio-economic realities and systemic racial barriers faced by African Americans in post-WWII America — Troy Maxson's experiences are central to this: despite his immense talent as a baseball player, he was denied the opportunity to play in the major leagues due to the colour line, only reaching his prime after Jackie Robinson broke the barrier; this bitter reality fuels his cynicism and resentment, shaping his decisions and his interactions with his sons, Cory and Lyons. His struggle to secure a better job than hauling garbage, even as a diligent worker, highlights the limited opportunities available to Black men, regardless of their qualifications or aspirations. Secondly, the play explores the complexities of familial relationships within the African-American household, particularly the strained father-son dynamic and strained husband-wife relationship; Troy's parenting style, marked by rigid discipline and a refusal to acknowledge Cory's athletic dreams, is deeply rooted in his own traumatic past and his desire to protect his son from the racial disappointments he faced. Wilson's use of dialogue and vernacular authentically captures the rhythm, wit and emotional depth of African-American speech patterns, rich with metaphors, storytelling, humour and pathos, reflecting the oral traditions and cultural richness of the community. In conclusion, Fences is a nuanced depiction of African-American life, illustrating not only the external pressures of racism and limited opportunities but also the internal struggles of pride, aspiration, disappointment, and the enduring human spirit within families and communities striving to build a life of meaning and dignity in the face of formidable challenges.