GCE Civic Education 2024 Theory — Question 5

Model answer

(a) Ways HIV/AIDS can be prevented: i. Public enlightenment and education on HIV/AIDS and its prevention. ii. Unmarried people should abstain from unprotected sex/usage of condom. iii. HIV/AIDS tests should be carried out to determine HIV/AIDS status. iv. Contact with infected body fluid, such as infected blood, should be avoided. v. Infected needles and other sharp objects should be used once and disposed of. vi. Surgical instruments should be properly sterilized before use. vii. Pregnant women should be tested for HIV/AIDS, and blood to be transfused should be screened for HIV/AIDS before use. (Any five of the above are acceptable.) (b) Symptoms usually associated with People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA): i. Tuberculosis/dry cough - a persistent dry cough, often accompanied by tuberculosis, which is common in PLWHA due to a weakened immune system. ii. Memory loss/amnesia - difficulty in remembering things or experiencing significant memory loss. iii. Nausea/urge to vomit - frequent feelings of nausea and the urge to vomit. iv. Extreme weakness/chronic fatigue - persistent and severe tiredness not relieved by rest. v. Persistent fevers/headache - recurring fevers and headaches. vi. Swollen lymph glands/nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin. vii. Chronic diarrhoea/dehydration, profuse night sweating, unexplained weight loss/emaciation, mouth/genital/anal sores, skin rashes, blurred vision, anaemia/paleness, pneumonia, shortness of breath, loss of appetite, and recurrent fungal infections. (Any five of the above are acceptable.)