WAEC Biology 2015 Theory — Question 11

Model answer

(i) Adaptation of hydrophytes: possession of large air spaces in the parenchyma for buoyancy; possession of a long flower stalk to enhance pollination; and presence of pneumatophores (breathing roots) for gaseous exchange. (ii) Adaptation of xerophytes: possession of thick succulent stems for storing water (e.g. cactus, baobab and Euphorbia); possession of succulent leaves for water storage (e.g. Aloe, Portulaca and Bryophyllum); and reduction of leaves to spines or scale leaves to cut down transpirational water loss.