WAEC Biology 2025 Theory — Question 19

Model answer

(i) Countershading in Tilapia: a camouflage adaptation where the dorsal side (top) of the fish is darker and the ventral side (bottom) is lighter. This helps the fish blend into the aquatic environment (darker from above, lighter from below), making it less visible to predators. (ii) Seasonal migration in birds: the regular, often long-distance movement of birds between breeding and non-breeding areas in response to seasonal changes. It allows them to exploit different habitats for food and nesting while avoiding harsh climatic conditions.