WAEC Geography 2022 Theory — Question 21

Model answer

(a) Mount Kilimanjaro (Tanzania); Fujiyama/Mount Fuji (Japan). (b) See annotated diagram in the Diagram column. A composite cone (stratovolcano) is built up of alternating layers of ash and lava: lava pours out and forms a layer on top of the ash, and this process repeats with each eruption. When the volcano explodes, its top is blown apart and disintegrates into rocks, bombs and ash, which then settle to build further layers, giving the cone its characteristic broad base and steep convex slopes. (c) Human activity on steep slopes (farming, mining, construction); earthquakes or volcanism; a steep slope being undercut by a river; heavy rainfall/deformation of slopes.