All 120 questions from the Basic Education Certificate Examination (Junior WAEC) (BECE) Pre Vocational Study 2025 Objective paper, with the correct answer and a full explanation for each. Free, no signup needed.
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Agriculture is best defined as the
Agriculture covers crops, livestock, fish, etc.; the broadest correct definition is the science (and art) of farming to satisfy human needs.
The practice of rearing bees in wooden boxes is
Apiculture = bee keeping.
An agricultural activity commonly practised in coastal areas is
Fish farming/fishing is typical of coastal areas.
The crop (Fig. 1.1) is described as a perennial crop because it
A perennial crop lives for many years (the figure shows cocoa pods on a tree).
The fruits on the crop (Fig. 1.1) serve as raw material for
Cocoa pods are used for chocolate/cocoa beverages.
The following are spices EXCEPT
Carrot is a root vegetable, not a spice.
Bones and blood of farm animals are mainly used to manufacture
Bone meal and blood meal are used in animal feed (they are also used as fertilizer, so confidence is low). (judgement/figure/definition question).
(Fig. 1.2) A by-product gotten from the animal is
The animal shown is a rabbit; fur is its by-product (hide/horn are for cattle, honey for bees).
(Fig. 1.2) The physical feature of the animal that differentiates its females from the males is the possession of prominent
Does have prominent teats (mammary glands) in females.
Which of the following plants would be cleared from a farm by labourers as a weed?
Mucuna is a creeping weed/cover crop; the others are crops.
Post-emergence herbicides are usually applied
Post-emergence = after the crop/weeds have emerged.
Weeds are beneficial in crop farms because they
Only mulching is a benefit; the rest are harmful.
Which of the following pests causes damage to crops by injecting toxic substances into them?
Cocoa mirids (capsids) inject toxic saliva that causes die-back. (judgement/figure/definition question).
(Fig. 1.3) The insect pest is a/an
The drawing shows a long-snouted insect: a weevil.
(Fig. 1.3) The pest can be controlled in a farm store by
Storage weevils are controlled with insecticide/fumigant treatment.
Fixed assets used in farm production are classified as
Fixed assets (buildings, machines) are fixed capital.
The factor that determines the success of a production process in a farm enterprise is
Management organises all other factors.
(Fig. 1.4) Calculate the area of the plantation in hectares.
Trapezium: parallel sides 300 m and 500 m, height 150 m. Area = ½(300+500)×150 = 60,000 m² = 6 ha.
(Fig. 1.5) The farm structure is called a
A tall cylindrical grain store with a conical roof is a silo. (judgement/figure/definition question).
(Fig. 1.5) The structure is used to store
Silos store grain such as wheat. (judgement/figure/definition question).
The following considerations should be taken when erecting a standard poultry house EXCEPT
Rail guards are not a poultry-house requirement; the others are. (judgement/figure/definition question).
The major reason for partitioning animal houses into pens is to
Separating animals into pens limits the spread of disease.
To ensure successful grafting of crops, a farmer should
Binding the union firmly holds the cambium layers together.
If a farmer planted 1,000 seeds of okra but only 750 seeds germinated. What is the percentage rate of germination?
750/1000 × 100 = 75%.
(Fig. 1.6) The crop is propagated by the use of ____.
The longitudinal section shows layered scales around a short stem – a bulb (onion type).
(Fig. 1.6) A new plant comes out from the part labelled
In a bulb the new shoot grows from the central bud (II), the part inside the fleshy scale leaves. Small figure; low confidence. (judgement/figure/definition question).
Which of the following farm tools can be used to carry out stumping operation?
A mattock is used for digging out stumps.
The farm operation carried out on harvested maize grains by a farmer in order to ensure optimal storage is referred to as
Drying/treating grain for storage is preservation.
Which of the following farming practices encourages soil degradation?
Bush burning destroys organic matter and exposes soil.
The removal of husk from rice grain during processing is called
Hulling.
Which of the following is a feed additive?
Salt/minerals are additives; hay, silage, soilage and straw are forages.
The advantage of serving animal feed in troughs is that it reduces
Troughs reduce feed wastage.
Drugs and antibiotics added to the feed of farm animals are commonly classified as
Feed additives.
The causative organism of coccidiosis in rabbits is
Coccidiosis is caused by protozoa (Eimeria).
Red water fever in sheep is transmitted through
It is spread by tick bites; 'insect bite' is the nearest option.
Scurvy in farm animals is caused by deficiency of vitamin
Scurvy = vitamin C deficiency.
A parasite which uses water snail as host before infesting farm animals is
The liver fluke's intermediate host is the water snail.
A farmer who observed frequent sleeping, anaemia and intermittent fever in his goats should suspect the spread of
Sleeping sickness symptoms: trypanosomiasis.
The following are control measures for mastitis in dairy farms EXCEPT
Shaving hair around the udder is not a standard mastitis control measure (the others are hygiene steps). (judgement/figure/definition question).
Crayfish is an example of
Crustaceans.
Which of the following types of fish are cartilaginous?
Sharks and dogfish have cartilage skeletons.
Smoking of fishes is mostly practised by fish farmers because it
Smoking dries the fish and so preserves it.
The forest product that serves as a raw material for tissue industries is
Wood pulp is used for tissue paper.
The availability of timber in northern Nigeria is highly reduced by
Deforestation.
The following are forest regulations in Nigeria except the ban on
Forest licences are required, not banned; the others are restricted/banned. (judgement/figure/definition question).
(Fig. 1.7) Which of the following live farm animals are packaged for sale using the structure?
The perforated box is a chick-transport box.
(Fig. 1.7) The function of the part labelled I is for
The labelled part is one of the perforations/openings for air. (judgement/figure/definition question).
An important precaution that should be taken when canning farm produce for sale is that the
Cans must be sterilized to prevent spoilage.
(Balogun Oil Mill planned to sell 5,000 litres of palm oil at ₦250 per litre in the mill's warehouse.) Which of the following methods will be most suitable for the manager to advertise the produce to consumers?
Online services reach many consumers cheaply and quickly. Judgement question; low confidence. (judgement/figure/definition question).
(Balogun Oil Mill) If the quantity of the palm oil produced increased to 10,000 litres while other factors remain constant, what will be the outcome on the price of the oil in the warehouse? It will
More supply with constant demand lowers price.
Farmgate price is best defined as the price at which
The farmgate price is what the farmer is paid at the farm, usually by middlemen/buyers. (judgement/figure/definition question).
(Farm record of Mamman Maize Mill) The farm record illustrated is
The table lists date, work done, labour used and days used – a farm diary (daily operations record).
The primary aim of keeping the record in Mamman Maize Mill by the manager is to
A farm diary's primary aim is to keep track of daily farm activities.
A dairy farmer will benefit from the installation of computer sets for his transactions because it will
Computers ease access to records; judgement question. (judgement/figure/definition question).
Sales of spent layers should be recorded on the same side as ____ in bookkeeping.
Sales are income/receipts.
Which of the following items should be recorded on purchase invoice of a bee farmer?
A smoker is equipment bought by a bee farmer; honey and wax are products, feed/labour are not typical invoice items. (judgement/figure/definition question).
The function of a broker in stock exchange market is to
Brokers link buyers and sellers.
The following are importance of agricultural stock exchange except the
Redistribution of national wealth is not a function of a stock exchange.
Export promotion boosts agriculture by
Export promotion raises export-crop producers' income. (Last option's text is cut at the page edge: '…producers'.)
The major agricultural produce exported from northern Nigeria are
Sesame, groundnut, ginger and sorghum are northern exports.
Which of the following foods grow mould when left on the kitchen counter for a long time?
Moist foods such as cake grow mould.
The cosmetic represented in Fig. 2.1 is used on the
Mascara, applied to eyelashes.
An example of primary need is
Shelter.
Which of the following acronyms stands for the organisation responsible for controlling the advertisement and distribution of cosmetics?
NAFDAC.
The desire to buy a car in the future can be expressed as a
A future target is a goal.
Small amount of food eaten in-between meals is
Snack.
Which of the following is true in pomade production?
Ingredients are weighed accurately.
Which of the following decorative stitches is used for neatening handkerchiefs?
Blanket stitch neatens edges.
Which of the following beverages is essential to human existence?
Water.
What is the name of the tool represented in Fig. 2.2?
Small scissor-like tool with one loop handle: thread snipper. Small blurred figure. (judgement/figure/definition question).
Wash, peel, slice, oven dry and cool are steps involved in preparing ____ before packaging.
Plantain chips/flour are prepared this way.
Mineral wax serves as ____ in pomade production.
Wax thickens the pomade.
The treatment given to food to prevent spoilage is
Preservation.
Which of the following factors influences family decision?
Available resources.
Cupcakes and jollof rice differ in
Judgement; nutritional value differs most clearly. (judgement/figure/definition question).
Which of the following is an example of household linen?
Curtains are household linen.
Which of the following cosmetics prevents dryness of scalp?
Hair oil.
Consumer protection act covers the following except
Inherited property is not a consumer good.
The legal and moral duties of protection owed buyers by suppliers is termed consumer
Consumer rights.
Comparing values and prices of goods among different sellers is a ____ buying practice.
Wise buying.
Which of the following is a principle of food safety?
Clean water.
The cost per single food commodity is ____ price.
Unit price.
Which of the following articles should be removed from clothes before storage?
Brooches (metal pins) can stain/damage fabric.
Which of the following food additives is safe for consumption?
Common salt.
Which of the following is an example of alkaline cleaner?
Borax is alkaline.
The following are factors that influence child development except
Complexion does not influence development.
Gonorrhoea infection can be contracted through
Sexual contact.
Which of the following foods is suitable for lunch?
Yam pottage is a main meal.
Clothing repair is a process of ____ clothes.
Mending.
Chewing food properly before swallowing is a
Healthy eating habit.
Mental illness can be caused by
Substance addiction.
A consumer does not have the right to
Resale is not a consumer right. (judgement/figure/definition question).
Which of the following cleaning agents acts as water softener?
Washing soda.
An example of animal fibre is
Wool.
Eggs can be preserved by
Refrigerating.
(Fig. 2.3) The diagram represents a ____ sewing machine.
A foot-pedal machine is a treadle machine.
(Fig. 2.3) The part labelled A is used to
A points to the thread-tension/top-of-head part; low confidence. (judgement/figure/definition question).
Which of the following is a sign of spoilage on yam tuber?
Soft discoloured spots.
Passing out hard faeces after long intervals is a symptom of
Constipation.
The responsibility of a food seller to the consumers include the following except to
Free meals are not a responsibility.
Which of the following is a finger food suitable for a birthday party?
Spiced beef (cubed) is a finger food; judgement. (judgement/figure/definition question).
Prolonged absence of vitamin C in the diet leads to a deficiency disease called
Scurvy.
A food safety manager should ensure compliance to hygienic regulations in order to
Prevent food poisoning.
Grains are dried, cleaned and milled before packaging to
Drying, cleaning and milling before packaging prolongs shelf life.
Which of the following is a method of creating fullness on a garment?
Gathering.
Which of the following body changes is likely to be seen in both boys and girls during puberty?
Armpit hair grows in both sexes.
The process of getting raw foodstuffs ready for cooking is termed
Preparation.
Fermentation is a food processing technique that is used to
Fermentation breaks nutrients down into forms easier to absorb (B is also partly true; moderate confidence).
Silk fibres are used for making
Muslin is a fine fabric; judgement. (judgement/figure/definition question).
Hygiene rule stipulates that
Waste bin in the cooking area.
Which of the following is necessary for child growth?
Food.
The use of substances in a way that is harmful to the individual is called drug
Drug abuse.
The fullest part of the body between the knee and the waist is
Hip.
Which of the following is not a water contaminant when used in the right quantity?
Chlorine in the right quantity purifies water.
Craft can be described as an article made with
Handmade.
Which of the following is an effective selling strategy for street food vendors in Nigeria?
Affordable price.
The tool represented in Fig. 2.4 is used for ____ needle.
A pin cushion holds needles/pins.
Which of the following tips promote healthy feeding?
Regular meal times.
Salt is sprinkled on fresh fish before smoking to
Salt preserves.
Exposure of canned products to intense sun rays is
Risky.
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