WAEC Data Processing 2025 Theory Past Questions

Model answer

(i) Data processing is a series of actions/operations carried out to collect, organize, manipulate, and convert raw facts (data) into meaningful, full information. (ii) Data collation is the systematic arrangement of data collected in machine-readable form in preparation for input into the computer. OR It is the process of gathering and arranging data from different sources into a structured and usable format.

Model answer

The Data Processing Cycle is the sequence of stages involved in processing data from input to output and storage. OR It comprises the following stages: Input, Processing, Output, Feedback, and Storage (Feedback is optional).

Model answer

- Computer supports high speed of operation - It is cost effective over time - Computer has high storage capacity - The use of computer leads to increased accuracy - Computer can handle repetitive tasks - Computer processes large volume of work consistently - The use of computer enhances fast data retrieval - The use of computer leads to improved reliability (Any four)

Model answer

A - Monitor/Visual Display Unit B - Printer C - Mouse D - Keyboard

Model answer

Device A (Monitor) - Output Device Device B (Printer) - Output Device Device C (Mouse) - Input Device Device D (Keyboard) - Input Device

Model answer

Any two of: Touchscreen, Information Point/Infopoint, Game controller with feedback, Modem, Network card, All-in-one printer/Multifunction printer (MFP)

Model answer

(i) Simplex: Data flows in only one direction, from the sender/source to the receiver/destination. No feedback is possible from the receiving end. Diagram: Sender → Receiver. (ii) Half-duplex: Data flows from sender to receiver in both directions, but only in one direction at a time. The sender and receiver take turns to communicate. Diagram: Sender/Receiver ⇄ Receiver/Sender (take turns). (iii) Full-duplex: Data flows from sender to receiver in both directions simultaneously. Both devices can send and receive data at the same time. Diagram: Sender/Receiver ⇄ Receiver/Sender (simultaneous).

Model answer

(i) Simplex: Television, Radio broadcast, Facsimile, or Traffic Light System (any one) (ii) Half-Duplex: Walkie-talkie, Ethernet hubs, Facebook Messenger, or Pager (any one) (iii) Full-Duplex: Telephone (Telephony), Video conferencing/Zoom/Skype, Bluetooth call, or Satellite communication (any one)

Model answer

Any one of: Message/data packet, Sender/source, Receiver/destination, Protocol (set of rules)

Model answer

Hackers are individuals who gain unauthorized access to computer systems/networks, either ethically (white-hat) or maliciously (black-hat). Spammers are persons who send unsolicited messages to one or more users, either via email, social media, or text messages.

Model answer

An add-in extends Excel's functionality across platforms. It provides additional features/functionalities not included by default, such as Solver, Power Pivot, Analysis ToolPak, or custom tools for analysis.

Model answer

(i) Cookie: A small file stored on a user's computer by a website to track sessions, preferences, or login details. OR It holds modest amounts of data specific to the client and websites, used to personalize the browsing experience. (ii) Plug-in: A software component that adds specific features/functionalities to an existing program (e.g. a PDF reader or Flash player in a browser). (iii) Web Crawlers: Automated programs that visit websites/browse the internet and read pages to build indexes for search engines (e.g. Googlebot, Bingbot, Baidu Spider). OR They help search engines organize and rank web contents.

Model answer

Presentation package (Microsoft PowerPoint)

Model answer

(i) Insert a new slide: Click Insert → New Slide, OR Click Home → New Slide, OR Press Ctrl + M (ii) Delete a slide: Right-click the slide in the Slide pane and select Delete Slide, OR select the slide in the Outline pane and press the Delete key, OR select the slide then Home → Delete → Delete Slide, OR select the slide in the Slide pane and press Delete on the keyboard

Model answer

Any two of: Adobe Presenter/Persuasion Lotus Freelance Graphic, Apple Keynote, Ludus, Beautiful.Ai, Canva, Microsoft PowerPoint

Model answer

(i) Uses (any two): Seminar and conference presentations; Educational lessons and lectures/teaching; Presentation of project proposals and prototypes; Interactive reports and dashboards; Data visualisation and analytics. (ii) Differences: Transition affects movement between slides - one transition applies per entire slide, occurs on click or after a delay/automatically between slides, and controls how a slide enters/exits (e.g. Fade, Wipe, Push). Animation affects movement/emphasis on individual elements within a slide - multiple animations can be applied to different elements on the same slide, occurs on click or automatically within the slide, and controls the entrance, emphasis, or exit of elements (e.g. Fly-in, Zoom, Spin).

Model answer

(i) Run slideshow: Press F5 (or Fn+F5), OR click the Slide Show icon on the Taskbar, OR click Slide Show on the menu bar → From Beginning/From Current Slide (ii) Print handouts (6 slides per page): Click File → Print (or Ctrl+P); In Settings, click the dropdown under Full Page Slides; Choose the Handouts layout and select 6 Slides Horizontal (or Vertical); Click Print/OK

Model answer

Click on the Mailings tab on the Menu bar/Ribbon; Click Start Mail Merge; Select Step-by-Step Mail Merge Wizard; In the Mail Merge pane, select the document type (e.g. Letters); Click Next: Starting document; Choose Start from a template: Select starting document; Click on select template and choose a template of choice; Click OK; Click Next: Select recipients; Under Select Recipients, choose Use an existing list; Click Browse, locate and open the contacts data file; In Edit Recipient List, verify/check the right recipients then click OK; Click Next: Write your letter/modify the template; To insert merge fields - click where the data should be/select the appropriate placeholder, click Insert Merge Field on the Menu bar, and select a field from the field list (e.g. «FirstName», «LastName»); repeat insertion steps for additional fields; adjust layout and formatting of the document, then save the main document (with merge fields).

Model answer

Click Preview Results/use the arrow buttons in the Mail Merge pane to view each record; Click Next: Complete the merge in the wizard, or click Finish & Merge on the Ribbon; Choose Edit Individual Documents, Print Documents, or Send Email Message, then confirm by clicking OK.