WAEC Geography 2022 Theory — Question 26

Model answer

(a) An ecosystem is the community of plants and animals living together in harmony and interacting with their physical environment — i.e. the relationship between organisms and their physical environment. (b) Abiotic component: the non-living part of an ecosystem, including elements like soil and sunlight. Decomposers: micro-organisms (e.g. fungi and bacteria) that break down dead organic matter, releasing nutrients that producers need to make their food. (c) Water, carbon and nitrogen cycles provide energy and nutrients needed for plant growth; autotrophs (producers) depend on soil for physical support and nutrients, linking the biotic and abiotic components.